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Após 20 anos da aceitação da competência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos pelo Brasil: uma análise da fundamentação dos casos Gomes Lund Vs. Brasil (2010) e Herzog e Outros Vs. Brasil (2018)
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-14) Aragão, Amanda de Oliveira; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões; Fadel, Anna Laura Maneschy
En virtud de que Brasil se sometió a la competencia contenciosa de la Corte Interamericana en 1998 y fue condenado en 2010 con el caso Gomes Lund y otros Vs. Brasil ("Guerrilla del Araguaia") y en 2018 la Corte Interamericana dictaminó que condenó en el caso Herzog y otros Vs. Brasil, la presente monografía enfrenta la siguiente problemática: en qué medida los 20 años de la sumisión de Brasil a la Corte Interamericana fueron imprescindibles para el juicio de los casos Gomes Lund y otros Vs. Brasil y Herzog y otros Vs. Brasil ?. De esta forma, el objetivo es presentar que en esos 20 años hubo alteración relevante de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Interamericano. Para ello, se realiza un análisis jurisprudencial comparativo en el que se eligió, entre los más pertinentes, un caso por año que versó sobre desaparición forzada o Ley de Amnistía que fueron sentenciados por el Tribunal Interamericano durante esos 20 años. Sin embargo, antes de entrar en el fondo de las decisiones es necesario examinar la evolución del Derecho Internacional Público y los reflejos de esa evolución en la protección de los derechos humanos, precipitadamente en la efectividad de esos derechos. Así como, analizar la fundamentación utilizada por la Corte Interamericana para reprender la desaparición forzada y la incompatibilidad de la Ley de Amnistía con el Pacto de San José. Además, es necesario comprender la imprescindibilidad de la existencia de precedentes para la plausible responsabilización de Brasil, las decisiones del Tribunal Interamericano han progresado para cada vez más humanitario. Por último, en virtud de las decisiones del Tribunal Interamericano poseer un carácter vinculante, es criticado el no cumplimiento total de los referidos juzgados por Brasil hasta los días de hoy, mientras que éste no demuestra la plena aplicación del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos.
O caso Fazenda Brasil Verde vs Brasil a partir da concepção de liberalismo igualitário de Jhon Rawls vs Ronald Dworkin
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-12) Souza, Célia Dias Rodrigues de; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões; Brito Filho, José Claudio Monteiro de
The purpose of this research is to investigate a conception of justice that we understand to be compatible with the very ontological framework of Human Rights, in order to reflect on the effectiveness of this set of Rights, from the Fazenda Brasil Verde Vs Brasil Case. Imbued by this spirit, the research is structured in three chapters, at the fulcrum of corresponding to the following problematic, which forms the compass of the pretended research: to what extent the conception of egalitarian liberalism will contribute to the fight against the work analogous to the slavery witnessed in the Fazenda Brasil Verde Vs Brasil Case? In this sense, the present research flourished through an advisory and critical study, based on deductive research, translated into literature review, as well as doctrinal and international judgments analysis. Thus, the first chapter seeks to cover a general panorama of Public International Law, with particular emphasis on the International Human Rights Protection System, in an approach that reflects the presentation of the United Nations and the Inter-American System, in order to reflect initial comments on the subject of work similar to that of slave, within this context. Already in the second chapter, the cataloging of Human Rights is carried out, in order to present basic points of this category, to then include the conceptions of justice, with the focus being the conception of equalitarian liberalism of John Rawls X Ronald Dworkin, in order to justify our option. Moreover, the third chapter is a locus where further comments on the work analogous to slavery are made, highlighting the Brazilian scenario, with subsequent explanation of the case, as well as the consequent application of egalitarian liberalism to the incident in question. In this way, the research has resulted in the need to implement effective public policies that address vulnerable groups that are victims of slave-like work, which can be achieved through an adequate conception of justice that shelters the ideals of freedom and of equality, read egalitarian liberalism.
Democracia, neoliberalismo e crise humanitária: a legitimidade de políticas anti-imigração e seus efeitos à ordem democrática
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-14) Furlan, Maria Luiza Favacho; Verbicaro, Loiane Prado; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões
The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between neoliberalism, democracy and human rights, in a context of a humanitarian crisis in which there is an increase in the flow of migrants and refugees around the globe, highlighting a challenging scenario for countries that, although they consider themselves democratic, are not capable of maintaining the institutional commitments arising from the choice of this political system. In this perspective, the research seeks to treat neoliberalism as the foundation of anti-immigration policies, in the light of the idea that this ideological current is a form of social regulation that seeks to annul individuality in favor of standardizing citizens to market interests, which allows the legitimation of these measures in the social scene. In addition, the paper focuses on the political ascension tendency of outsiders in recent years, such as Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro, who, aware of the political dissatisfaction of the elites with the attendance of governments to minority groups, including immigrants, seek to institutionalize the political upheaval and the ethnic rivalry between peoples, from the negation of the other and the differences, in an egocentric valorization of nationalism and the search for the reconstruction of the national identity, leading to beliefs about the end or about a rupture of democracy. Finally, it is understood that although anti-immigration policies do in fact cause institutional tension in democratic orders, democracy has always shown a laudable ability to manage crisis circumstances, and it is therefore believed that this political regime will survive the waves of conservatism which are exposed, although probably not unharmed.
Direitos humanos em Francisco de Vitória: uma análise da proteção dos povos indígenas no sistema interamericano
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2018-06-26) Silva, Amanda de Paula Mendes Rodrigues da; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7841149596245216
This work aims at the study of International Law in the light of Francisco de Vitoria, in order to understand how it’s initial notions help in understanding the right of Indigenous Peoples. Therefore, the theses of Vitoria and, posteriorly, the national and international positive legislative understanding regarding the Indigenous People will be analyzed. The study of the International Protection of the Indigenous Peoples in the approach of the Inter-American System will be carried out, with the observance of the petition sent to the Inter-American Commission regarding the case Raposa Serra do Sol Indigenous Peoples Vs. Brazil and the judgment of the Inter-American Court on the case Xucuru Indigenous Peoples Vs. Brazil. In light of these considerations, it will be examined how the cited cases may be precedent for a new right that is the Protection of Guarani-Kaiowá Indigenous Peoples, residents in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. It will be verified that Brazil has a scenario of legal instability as regards the guarantee of the rights of indigenous peoples; that the Inter-American System is an important aid instrument in the absence of advocacy in the intranational sphere; that even Brazil, having ratified the American Convention on Human Rights, disregards it; and that if there was an efficient conventionality control mechanism, the national system would be able to secure the inherent rights of indigenous peoples.The importance of this work is in the necessity of having a better understanding of the Indigenous Peoples rights in the brazilian scenario with the objective of drawing up alternatives to mitigate the violations endured by the indigenous communities, preserve their existence and return to the ideas established in Vitoria in the search for the realization and valorization of Human Rights.
Estupro de guerra: a violação do corpo da mulher como arma contra o inimigo e a transgressão ao direito de desenvolvimento feminino
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-11) Martins, Ádria Luyse do Amaral; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões
The aim of this study is to analyze that since the beginning of humanity, women were subjugated by their way of acting and objectified by their own body, mainly motivated by the gender inequality between men and women, where the feminist struggle was of the utmost importance to guarantee the rights of women. However, the power of one gender to the detriment of the other has reached a level of mass physical violence, where countless women have undergone systematic rape in armed conflicts, with the intention of using them as a weapon against the enemy. Thus, with the emblematic cases of rape that took place in the 1990s, they led to the creation of the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals, the first to regard rape as a triple crime, since it is a crime of war, genocide and the humanity. In this way, it is important to consider women's rights as jus cogens, in order to guarantee women's right to development.
Intervenção humanitária unilateral ou crime de agressão? uma análise da intervenção americana no conflito sírio
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2018) Proença, Camilly Gouvea; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões; vvvvvvvv; Neves, Rafaela Teixeira Sena
La paralysie du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies (CSNU) par rapport à la Syrie a fait que certains pays adoptent des mesures plus incisives unilatéralement, sous le discours de la protection des droits de l'homme et du droit international humanitaire. Cependant, cette intervention en plus de mettre en échec la légitimité du CSNU, est légalement contestable. Cette monographe a le but d'analyser quelle sont les limites entre l'intervention humanitaire unilatéral et le crime d'agression. A partir de la conception contemporaine de la souveraineté et responsabilité de protéger, on passe à l'analyse des interventions humanitaires, avec emphase sur les unilatérales. Fait ces considérations, sera fait une étude sur la définition du crime d'agression, pour faire un comparatif entre le crime d'agression et les interventions humanitaires unilatérales. Finalement, sera fait une analyse sur l'intervention nord-américaine dans le conflit en Syrie, ayant par référence le bombardement qui a eu lieu le 6 avril 2017, ainsi que le bombardement du 13 avril 2018. Enfin, il est possible de conclure que les interventions militaires conduit unilatéralement, en plus d'être incompatible avec la Charte des Nations Unies, peut facilement configurer un crime d'agression, mais malgré les aspects matériels, il y a une grande difficulté à atteindre la responsabilité internationale pour le crime d'agression, en vertu des questions de procédure et d'une résistance politique.
As normas de proteção ao imigrante e a crise na Venezuela
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-03) Medeiros, Victor Augusto Silva de; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7841149596245216; Fadel, Anna Laura Maneschy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6679138259126229
The research addresses the rules that involve migration and the request for refuge at na international and national level, emphasizing the specific situation of Venezuelans seeking shelter in Brazil, avoiding the humanitarian and political crisis that plagues Venezuela. For this purpose, data collection, bibliographic searches of books, scientific articles, doctrine and international documents were used as a methodology to observe whether the application and regulation of the Migration Law and institutes at national level correspond to what is is established by the protection of the immigrants themselves, as well as by what is expected of Brazil as a signatory to the Pact of San José, Costa Rica and member state of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. It will be demonstrated that the action of the Brazilian State in relation to the treatment of the immigrant is, in part, incompatible with the current legislation. The work is structured in three chapters, the first one examines the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the request for refuge in Brazil, the New Migration Law and the Brazilian Judiciary's understanding of the refuge institute. In the second, the Venezuelan crisis is analyzed, from the perspective of Resolution No. 2/18 of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the Guidance Note on the flow of Venezuelans from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Declaration of Quito. In the third chapter, criticism is made of the current position of the Brazilian state, in relation to the regulation given to the New Migration Law by Decree 9199/97, interministerial ordinance no. 12 of June 13, 2018 of the Ministry of Justice and Relations Foreign Affairs and by Normative Resolution No 28 of 20 December 2018.
Um olhar sob a criança: escuta especializada e depoimento especial como alternativa à violência institucional
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-24) Ferreira, Laís Maria Martins; Vicente, Clarissa Vicente; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9946103990727837; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7841149596245216
This monograph aimed to analyze the specialized listening procedure and special testimony of children and adolescents implanted by Law 13,431 / 2017 and what its benefits to avoid institutional violence and revictimization of minors. The methodology employed in the work was the hypothetical-deductive method, with the use of bibliographic material on the subject, such as books, journals, scientific articles, legislation and jurisprudence. The work is divided into three chapters: the first chapter gives a brief history of the social evolution of the treatment of children and adolescents, then analyze how Brazilian legislation has progressed over the years in the formation of a system of guardianship of the child based on the principle the dignity of the human person and integral protection, also highlights the types of violence that the legislator aims to curb. The second chapter, emphasizing institutional violence as a form of oppression of the infant and the young, addresses how institutional violence can be characterized by repeated hearings where it is necessary to listen to the minor, be it a victim or a witness of violence, and the damages resulting from this revictimization, ends up pointing to the implantation of the project of the testimony without harm, as a way to curb the infanticidejuvenile revictimization. In the third chapter, finally, it analyzes the implantation of specialized listening and the special testimony and the importance of the participation of the multidisciplinary technical team, composed by psychologist and social worker for the realization of the oitiva of the minor.
O papel do Conselho de Segurança na guerra civil do Iêmen: uma análise a partir das resoluções da ONU, entre os anos de 2015 a 2018
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-17) Bezerra, Juliana Maia; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7841149596245216; Faro, Liandro Moreira da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4901845729722660
The UN Security Council has been seeking to mediate the Yemen conflict through its resolutions. This paper will analyze the resolutions corresponding to the period between 2015 and 2018, namely resolutions 2204 and 2216 of 2015, resolution 2266 of 2016, resolution 2342 of 2017 and resolution 2402 of 2018. By analyzing these resolutions, the concern of the Security Council with the Yemeni crisis has been verified, considering the political, security, economic and humanitarian challenges, in addition to the quest for conflict resolution through dialogue and consultation, rejecting any type or means of violence. In addition, there was also concern about the effective implementation of the sanctions regime, imposed by resolution 2140 of 2014 and 2216 of 2015, involving the Member States, in order to play a fundamental role, by encouraging efforts to increase cooperation. The conflict in Yemen presents itself as one of the greatest and most serious conflicts of today, reaching high levels of concern and threatening some basic principles of international law. In this work a hypothetical-deductive analysis was performed based on the resolutions, and it is concluded that the United Nations Security Council, despite playing an important role in driving the mechanisms of peaceful solutions and contribute, in a way, to the peaceful resolution of conflicts, requires serious and substantial structural reforms, in particular as regards their restricted representativeness, since its current structure causes direct reflexes in the decision-making process, with consequences on late resolutions, non-resolutions and resolutions of the conflicts around the world.
A portaria nº 1.129/17 do Ministério do Trabalho como afronta ao combate do trabalho escravo
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2018-06-19) Silva, Gabriel Margalho; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões; Brito Filho, José Cláudio Monteiro de
All over the history of the world. We have experienced the most diverse types of slavery, which the biggest highlight goes to the black slavery during the colonial period Americas. Following the way of slavery, Brazil, for a long time, has used the black slavery as it’s principal kind of labor, that is why Brazil has become one of the last countries in the world to abolish it. However, either in Brazil as worldwide the slavery has not finished at all. The slavery has taken new forms and ways of disguised executions, making countries, with the support from international organizations, have created rules and targets for an efficient fight against slavery. In Brazil, there has been a growing expansion of rules to achieve one effective protection of a hard-work man, with the purpose to ensure the decent work. However, in 2017, the Ordinance n. 1.129 from Ministry of Labor has meant a change on the fight against slavery at Brazil, which has brought a big setback, and also an affront to the rights and fundamental guarantees secured on our Constitution.
Tomada de decisão apoiada: a efetiva aplicabilidade a partir da autonomia e da inclusão da pessoa com deficiência.
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-03) Almeida, Mariana Laureano dos Santos; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7841149596245216; Araújo, José Henrique Mouta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0717263241559819
The disabled person has been struggling historically for his or her effective voice space in society. History, in turn, is tainted by the atrocities that have been inflicted on minorities under the most diverse justifications for extermination, including the blood of people with disabilities shed throughout history on the pretext of not having a decent life to be lived. Fortunately, this is a plan that has been changing and evolving over the years and thanks to the tireless struggle of the disabled and supporters of the cause. In this context, we start with an ultra-protective social model for inclusion and autonomy. These changes have arrived in Brazil, requiring a real paradigmatic change in relation to the legal treatment of the disabled person through the existing institutes to promote protection. The priority now is to ensure, in addition to protection, the effective inclusion of disabled people in society, so that they can enjoy all their rights in the most autonomous way possible. In 2015, the Brazilian Inclusion Law establishes decisionmaking supported as an instrument to support the exercise of the civil capacity of persons with disabilities, with the aim of leaving the curatorship only in extreme cases. Since the disabled person, who is over 16 years of age, can no longer be considered as absolutely incapacitated, it is necessary to ensure that the existing instruments for support and representation have their best applicability and thus society still reluctant to update concepts and get rid of prejudices. It occurs that the decision making process supported finds many difficulties, both in the normative scope and in the social scope, for its application. The present study analyzes the obstacles to the effective applicability of the support institute, observing both the harmony of the laws that underpin the institute and the obstacles to application in the Judiciary. Finally, it aims to find solutions to make supported decision making an effective and useful instrument in the exercise of the civil capacity of the person with disability, promoting their autonomy and freedom in na effective way.

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