Estratégias de atuação do psicólogo na ressocialização de indivíduos com esquizofrenia: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Schizophrenia is common in patients in custodial institutions, often associated with a higher risk of violence. Therefore, it is crucial to implement programs that offer legal and psychosocial support, aiming at the social reintegration of individuals. This debate is essential in psychology, focusing on individual understanding beyond the legal context. Objective: To conduct a review of the integrative literature and current legislation regarding the role of forensic psychologists in the resocialization of people with schizophrenia, who are hospitalized and/or reside in public treatment institutions. Methodology: A qualitative analysis was carried out of materials found in databases such as Google Scholar, Scielo and other journals and repositories, published between 2014 and 2023. The studies used descriptors such as "schizophrenia and resocialization", "schizophrenia and rehabilitation", "resocialization and legal psychology", "custody hospitals and psychology", "schizophrenia and custody hospitals" and "integration and custody hospitals", combined with the Boolean term "and". Discussion: It was demonstrated that human rights are not being preserved in Custody Hospitals, making it difficult for individuals with schizophrenia to obtain adequate treatment. The treatment of individuals with schizophrenia in resocialization should be comprehensive, involving psychotherapy, medication, art therapy, psychoeducation and assessment of dangerousness, among other strategies. Conclusion: This study highlights the urgency of reforming custodial hospitals in Brazil to effectively integrate them into mental health policies and improve the resocialization of people with schizophrenia. In addition, it is necessary to develop more up-to-date studies on psychological strategies that would be efficient for this population during this process of social reintegration.