Navegando por Assunto "Obesidade"

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Análise da vitamina B12 e do zinco em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em um hospital privado em Belém do Pará
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2022-11-14) Linhares, Juliana Albim; Oliveira, Tarquinio Leão de; Valente, Tárik Olívar de Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9516550105434600; Yasojima, Edson Yuzur; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6901845081643218; Oti, André Takashi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6716375406007011
Worldwide, obesity is considered one of the most serious public health problems, reaching 800 million people who live in this condition. There are a few ways to treat this condition, from the most cautions, such as lifestyle changes, to the most invasive, such as surgery – only when there is no success in clinical treatment. Among the surgical treatments, bariatric surgery stands out, popularly known as the obesity surgery that "reduces the stomach", which aims to treat obesity at different levels and the diseases that are associated or aggravated by this condition. However, as a consequence of the surgeries, obese individuals who normally already have changes in zinc concentrations - which are lower due to the inflammatory process produced by obesity, in addition to other vitamin deficiencies, tend to worsen these rates. Therefore, there are nutritional deficits after bariatric surgery that tend to be aggravated if replacement is not performed properly, especially in nutrients such as iron and vitamin B12, in addition to zinc. To analyze and compare, through the laboratory profile of patients undergoing bariatric surgery, the preoperative and postoperative levels of vitamin B12 and zinc at 3, 6 and 12 months. The study is descriptive and retrospective, with quantitative data analysis. The sample consisted of 102 records of patients undergoing bariatric surgery using the DGYR technique, with data collected at 4 different times (preoperative, 3rd, 6th and 12th month after surgery) to assess serum levels. of zinc and vitamin B12. 102 patients were included in the study, more than half of which, 56.9%, were female and 43.1% were male. Added to this, the highest prevalence of individuals who underwent bariatric surgery were between 18-25 years old, equivalent to 25.5% of the patients submitted to the research. Regarding the comparison of B12 in the four moments, comparing in two by two, it showed that only the preoperative and the 3rd month and the 6th month did not differ significantly compared to the 12th month. As for the average of zinc, there were no significant differences between the four moments (p=0.165). There was also no significance when comparing the variables with gender and age. When the levels of vitamin B12 and zinc were analyzed, an increase in the incidence of male patients was noted. However, the highest prevalence continues to be female. Regarding postoperative B12 serum levels, there was an increase due to adequate supplementation and liver reserve, with a more notable result in the 12th month. However, the Zinc values, when compared to each other, did not show statistically significant variations, which is justified by the follow-up restriction up to 12 months postoperatively when compared to other studies. Finally, regarding the relationship between B12 and zinc levels, when comparing sex and age, all results had a non-significant p-value, making it not possible to relate differences between groups and their variations in serum levels of their micronutrients.
Avaliação da resposta ao tratamento de obesidade em pacientes atendidos no Centro de Especialidades Médicas do CESUPA
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2020) Alves, Beatriz Ribeiro; Cavalli, Lorena Silva; Cavallero, Mônica Ribeiro Maués
Introduction: Obesity is one of the major public health problems in the world, associated with reduced quality of life and life expectancy, as well as outcomes of other diseases. Pharmacological treatment of obesity is indicated when the patient has a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 or when the individual has diseases associated with overweight with BMI equal to or greater than 25 kg/m2 in situations that behavioral changes were unsuccessful. Thus, conduction after identification of risk or confirmed diagnosis is prevention/intervention, including a quali-quantitatively adequate diet, as well as the practice of physical activity, multiprofessional care and adequate introduction of medication. Objective: To evaluate the response of weight loss in patients seen at the Obesity Outpatient Clinic of the Center for Medical Specialties of the University Center of the State of Pará. Methodology: A cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study of exploratory documental analysis was carried out at the University Center of the State of Pará (CESUPA) from August 2016 to August 2020. Results: Seventyseven patients were evaluated, of which 94.8% (n=73) were female soldering with a mean age of 43 years. The mean abdominal circumference (WC) at the beginning of treatment was 108.9cm and 103.7cm at the end of 1 year. Of the 77 patients evaluated, 81% used sibutramine, 44% used Orlistate, 32% from Topiramate, 13% used Sertraline and 22% fluoxetine. Among the 62 patients who used sibutramine, 29% had weight loss in 1 year greater than 10%, mainly associated with side effects such as dry mouth (74.2%) followed by constipation (35.5%). The use of orlistat was performed by 34 patients, and of these, 50% lost less than 5% in 1 year, and 50%, between 5 and 10% in weight. Of these, 46.2% presented stathertomy, being the main adverse effect. Conclusion: Sibutramine and orlistat stand out among the drugs approved for the global treatment of obesity due to the large number of investigations performed and the results obtained that demonstrate safety and efficacy. Sibutramine is the most commonly used drug in the treatment of obesity, due to its important efficacy and also due to financial issues, being its cost more affordable when compared to orlistat. Despite the satisfactory results with these drugs, so far demonstrated, the use of pharmacotherapy alone will not be enough to stop the advances of the obesity epidemic, and one should take into account the lifestyle with behavioral changes that include a healthy diet allied to the practice of physical activity.
Ocorrência da sarcopenia e suas principais complicações em idosos obesos
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019) Reis, Fernanda de Carvalho; Tadaiewsky, Zbyeth da Silva; Maués, Cristiane Ribeiro; Cavallero, Mônica Ribeiro Maués; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0584956998438639
Introduction: The world population is aging. It is estimated that in Brazil, in the last 60 years, there has been an increase of more than 15 million elderly individuals. The Ministry of Health accepts that in the elderly, defined as 60 years or older, there is an increase in the prevalence of chronic and disabling diseases, such as obesity and sarcopenia. The latter is defined by the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass which results in a reduction in both muscle endurance and muscle strength.Objective: To identify the prevalence of sarcopenia among obese elderly who are followed up at the Obesity Outpatient Clinic of CESUPA Medical Center (CEMEC).Methodology: The study analyzed 14 patients who were enrolled at the CEMEC Obesity Outpatient Clinic. Data collection was performed in 2 steps. In the first, data on age, gender, previous diagnoses and occurrence of falls were collected in a specific research form. Then, the participants were submitted to anthropometric measurements, body composition evaluation and functional performance tests. Bioimpedance, Grip Hand Strength Test, Timed up and go and Gait Speed were used. The 2018 European Criteria (EWGSOP2) were used as a reference for the diagnosis of sarcopenia.Results: It was observed that none of the analyzed sample had a diagnosis for sarcopenia, however, two patients had lower palmar grip strength, which was classified as probable sarcopenia.Conclusion: This study concluded that although results were negative to confirm the diagnosis of sarcopenia in the sample, relevant changes in body composition and physical performance were perceived, thus contributing in the future to the establishment of a condition with sarcopenia and its complications.
Os impactos da alimentação low carb em pacientes com obesidade e sobrepeso na atenção primária à saúde
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2021) Santos, Lorena Gabrielly da Silveira; Rabelo, Natália Cruz; Coelho, Érica Furtado Azevedo; Souza, Ivete Moura Seabra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5318491010793081; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5221363260090560
Introduction: Obesity is one of the biggest epidemics of the 21st century. It is associated with many comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Because of the dimension of the problem, several weight loss strategies are used, such as the Low Carb diet. Objective: Identify the impact of Low Carb Diet on obese and overweight patients treated at a Basic Health Unit in Ananindeua (PA). Methodology: The study is an interventional action-research type, where there was intervention, through a quantitative approach on Low carb diet in obese and overweight patients. The study took place at the Basic Health Unit (UBS) Júlia Seffer in Ananindeua (PA), lasted 2 months, and included an anthropometric data questionnaire (weight, height, BMI and AC) with complementary exams performed at the beginning and at the end of the research to compare the impact of diet on the lipid profile and fasting blood glucose of patients. Results: The study included 29 patients, of which 25 had a mean age of 45.8 ± 9.8 years (95%CI 41.8 – 49.9) and 12.0% (3/25) were elderly; most participants were women (96.6%, 28/29; p<0.0001). For 12 participants, there was a statistically significant difference only in relation to AC (Arm Circumference) when comparing the first measurements with in the last two (p=0.0168). About the laboratory variables, no significant differences were observed in comparisons for any of the considered markers. Numerical change was observed in the overall proportion of cases classified as overweight/pre-obesity and Obesity Grade 3. A strong positive correlation was found between waist circumference and weight during the research. Conclusion: As we have seen the Low carb diet is a viable and possible option to be performed in primary care, but there is a need for further studies to analyze its impact on the health of the population, patient adherence and the acceptance of doctors as a non-pharmacological indication to treat diabetes and help reduce the obesity epidemic.
Reavaliação clínica e laboratorial da reversão da síndrome metabólica em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica após um ano do procedimento
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2020) Costa, Ana Carolina Cunha; Mattos, Letícia Coelho de; Valente, Tárik Olívar de Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9516550105434600
Introduction: Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat, which causes damage to the health of individuals and the emergence of potentially lethal diseases. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) is carried out using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) which evaluates the following criteria: abdominal measurement, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose. The treatment of the metabolic syndrome promotes glycemic control, increased pancreatic insulin secretion, improved insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue and restores the lipid profile and blood pressure levels to normal. Objectives: To identify the diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome reversed after one year of surgery, to analyze the prevalence of clinical and laboratory profiles related to age, sex, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose and triglycerides. Methodology: Descriptive and retrospective study, with analysis of qualitative data. Data from patients registered in the Bariatric System ® database operating system of the Institute of Nutrition, Endoscopy and Digestive System Surgery - INECAD will be used, used by the bariatric surgery team at Hospital Amazônia for the purpose of monitoring patients undergoing this surgery. The data of each patient will be collected 1 year (12th month) after the surgery, with the data recorded in a standardized form. Results: There was a higher incidence in females. Regarding the age group, involving both genders, the highest frequency was observed between 46 and 55 years and the lowest frequency between 56 and 66 years. As for laboratory tests, all were found to be statistically significant differences in the pre-surgical and 12-month post-surgery comparison, both in females and males. The female sex had a greater increase in HDL and the male sex had a greater reduction in triglycerides and fasting glucose. Conclusion: Of the diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome, triglyceride was the test that showed the greatest reduction after 12 months of surgery. In addition to this, there was an increase in HDL values; there was a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure when compared to diastolic; there was a more marked reduction in the female gender in the abdominal circumference. Finally, fasting blood glucose reduced more in men than in women in the 12-month postoperative period.