Reavaliação clínica e laboratorial da reversão da síndrome metabólica em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica após um ano do procedimento

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat, which causes damage to the health of individuals and the emergence of potentially lethal diseases. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) is carried out using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) which evaluates the following criteria: abdominal measurement, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose. The treatment of the metabolic syndrome promotes glycemic control, increased pancreatic insulin secretion, improved insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue and restores the lipid profile and blood pressure levels to normal. Objectives: To identify the diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome reversed after one year of surgery, to analyze the prevalence of clinical and laboratory profiles related to age, sex, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose and triglycerides. Methodology: Descriptive and retrospective study, with analysis of qualitative data. Data from patients registered in the Bariatric System ® database operating system of the Institute of Nutrition, Endoscopy and Digestive System Surgery - INECAD will be used, used by the bariatric surgery team at Hospital Amazônia for the purpose of monitoring patients undergoing this surgery. The data of each patient will be collected 1 year (12th month) after the surgery, with the data recorded in a standardized form. Results: There was a higher incidence in females. Regarding the age group, involving both genders, the highest frequency was observed between 46 and 55 years and the lowest frequency between 56 and 66 years. As for laboratory tests, all were found to be statistically significant differences in the pre-surgical and 12-month post-surgery comparison, both in females and males. The female sex had a greater increase in HDL and the male sex had a greater reduction in triglycerides and fasting glucose. Conclusion: Of the diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome, triglyceride was the test that showed the greatest reduction after 12 months of surgery. In addition to this, there was an increase in HDL values; there was a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure when compared to diastolic; there was a more marked reduction in the female gender in the abdominal circumference. Finally, fasting blood glucose reduced more in men than in women in the 12-month postoperative period.