Epidemiologia das internações por transtornos mentais e comportamentais no Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Mental disorders have high prevalence rates in the population and represent a significant demand for health services. Because chronic diseases are highly prevalent in the world, mental disorders contribute to early morbidity, disability, and mortality. It is estimated that 25% of the general population has one or more mental disorders throughout their lives. In Brazil, the National Mental Health Policy has been carried out through a model of mental health care advocated in the principles of Brazilian psychiatric reform. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil from 2008 to 2017. Method: The study is epidemiologic, ecological, quantitative and descriptive, based on secondary data related to hospital admissions due to Mental and Behavioral Disorders available at SIH / DATASUS. Results: In the analyzed period there were 2.583.073 million for mental and behavioral disorders, corresponding to 2.30% of total hospitalizations, there was a gradual decrease in the percentage of hospitalizations over the 10 years. Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders presented the highest percentage (38.99%) among morbidities, there was a decrease in hospitalizations due to alcohol use (18.98% to 16.79%) and an increase in hospitalizations due to mood disorders (16.24% to 22.25%) and disorders due to the use of other psychoactive substances (14.53% to 18.54%). The largest number of hospitalizations is concentrated in the Southeast region (1,069,849) and the highest percentage in the South region (3.8%). The age group of 30 to 39 years (25.75%), male (64.03%), and white / race (41.4%) were the most prevalent. We observed a progressive increase in the mortality rate (0.55%) and a reduction in the average length of stay (45.4 days to 31.8 days). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the gradual decrease in the percentage of hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil during the analyzed period and was an auxiliary tool in the formulation of strategies and public policies in the area of mental health.