O impacto da fisioterapia em pacientes oncológicos com constipação intestinal medicamentosa na Amazônia: uma proposta de manual fisioterapêutico

Abstract

Cancer is a set of more than 100 diseases, characterized by a disorderly, rapid and aggressive proliferation of defective cells, which invade adjacent structures and distant organs. Among the symptoms reported by these patients, pain is one of the most frequent, thus, opioids are the most used drugs to control moderate to severe pain. However, its use is limited due to adverse effects, in which constipation stands out, capable of manifesting itself after the 1st dose due to increased anal sphincter tone, fluid reabsorption and reduced motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the treatment of intestinal constipation involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. With regard to physical therapy treatment, different techniques can be used, such as abdominal massage, hypopressive abdominal gymnastics, exercises to strengthen the pelvic pelvic, diaphragmatic breathing, isometric contraction of the abdominal muscles, intracavitary electrical stimulation, among others. The aim of this study is to develop a proposal for a physical therapy protocol for the treatment of drug-induced intestinal constipation in cancer patients. This study is about the creation of a physical therapy protocol for the management of intestinal drug constipation in cancer patients, which is fundamental in the literature, using as electronic databases LILACS, SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PUBMED (Public Medline or Medline Editor), PEDro (physiotherapy evidence database). The results and discussion are related to physical therapy resources aimed at the management of intestinal constipation not only in drug-induced cancer patients, since, in the literature, studies evaluating the effectiveness of physical therapy management in this public are still scarce. Finally, intestinal constipation as a result of cancer treatment must be prevented and treated early through medications, such as laxatives, and nonpharmacological approaches, such as nutritional guidelines and the physical therapy approach. In view of the above data, it was observed in the literature that physical therapy approaches can be an effective resource to improve the health condition of patients with intestinal constipation caused by the adverse effects of oncological interventions, but more studies on the subject should be carried out.