O paradigma da eficácia da quimioterapia em associação com diferentes tratamentos adjuvantes no tratamento do retinoblastoma: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

The treatment of retinoblastoma, the most common malignant eye tumor in children, has considerably evolved with the combination of chemotherapy and adjuvant treatments. This study conducted a systematic literature review to analyze the effectiveness of chemotherapy associated with different adjuvant therapies, such as thermotherapy, cryotherapy, and immunotherapy, in controlling retinoblastoma. Through a comprehensive search strategy in electronic databases such as Scielo Brasil, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Capes Journals Portal, 16 relevant studies published between 1988 and 2024 were identified and selected. The inclusion criteria, such as publication date, language (English or Portuguese), and relevance to the theme of this work, were rigorously applied to ensure the relevance of the selected articles. The selection of studies was carried out in two stages: initially, by reading the titles and abstracts, and then by fully evaluating the texts to verify their eligibility based on the established criteria. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted data revealed patterns and trends regarding the effectiveness of these therapeutic combinations. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using standardized tools, such as the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies. The results indicated that integrating chemotherapy with adjuvant treatments significantly improved clinical outcomes, promoting better vision preservation and reducing recurrence rates. However, variability in treatment response and the need for an individualized approach were highlighted as fundamental factors for therapeutic success. This systematic review reinforced the importance of a multimodal approach and continuous research to improve therapeutic strategies in the treatment of retinoblastoma, pointing to the need for future investigations that can consolidate and innovate clinical practices in this field.