O Fundo Municipal de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Canaã dos Carajás: uma análise comparativa com fundo de royalties subnacionais à luz do princípio do desenvolvimento sustentável e da justiça intergeracional

Abstract

One of the biggest challenges for mineral-based economies is transforming the royalties into sustainable development, mitigating the activity’s negative externalities, and promoting equal access to the wealth represented by finite natural resources for future generations as well. The city of Canaã dos Carajás, in Pará, is an example. Despite the strength of mining and its positive results in terms of production, exportation and revenue, indicators of other dimensions, such as environmental and social, have proved to be not very encouraging and a great challenge for the public administration and society in general. The Municipal Sustainable Development Fund (FMDS) was created in 2016 (Municipal Law n. 753) aiming to boost the local economy and diversify the economic basis of the city, inspired by the model of Sovereign Wealth Funds - FSR. In this perspective, the dissertation has the general objective to investigate if this referred fund in Canaã dos Carajás has the characteristics of a subnational sovereign wealth fund for royalty management, and is able to promote sustainable development and the sharing of mining wealth in the city for future generations, in line with the constitutional corollary of guaranteeing intergenerational development and justice. The FMDS receives part of the CFEM collected in the city, and the hypothesis investigated shows that the FMDS, as a voluntary financial instrument, has a strategy with the potential to build a bridge between mining and sustainable development in the locality under study. The research is a case study, with a qualitative approach, based on bibliographic and documental review. A comparative analysis is carried out with other subnational funds, such as the Permanent School Fund of Texas, the Permanent Fund of Alaska, the Ilhabela Municipal Fund, the Maricá Municipal Fund, the Niterói Fund, the Espírito Santo State Fund, and the Itabira Fund. To this end, the parameters of the "Ex Ante" method of evaluating public policies are used, which check if it responds to a well-defined and relevant problem, the existence of a clear objective of State action, and if its design allows achieving the designed goal. The research concludes that although the FMDS has positive characteristics to promote the diversification of local productive activities, it offers low effectiveness if it is considered the main requirements for a fund to become a permanent instrument for generating development and propagating itself in the long term, for the benefit of the future generations.