Os efeitos terapêuticos da ozonioterapia ao portador de pé diabético: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

The term diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a metabolic disorder of heterogeneous etiologies, characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and / or action (Ministry of Health , 2013). Diabetic lesions tend to heal slowly and are often associated with difficult-to-resolve infections that are characterized in the presence of foot lesions due to neuropathies known as diabetic foot (CARDOSO et al., 2010). Ozone therapy is presented in the literature as an option for the treatment of lesions, both for its antimicrobial potential and for the ability to interfere with tissue repair in which it stimulates the formation of new vessels in the affected region, accelerating the formation of granulation tissue and decreasing healing time (CARDOSO et al., 2010). The most common complication among DM patients is diabetic foot, leading to several consequences such as hospitalizations and amputations of lower limbs. Approximately 15% of diabetics will develop ulcers, of which 15 to 20% will require some type of amputation. This is because the feet are vulnerable parts to the diabetic complications, since they are exposed daily to repetitive traumas. To seek scientific evidence on the benefits of the therapeutic use of ozone in diabetic lesions through an integrative literature review. The study is an integrative review of descriptive and exploratory literature in the national and international context. The research included original articles, review articles and master's thesis. To guide the present integrative review, the following question was asked: what are the scientific evidences about the therapeutic effects of ozone therapy to diabetic foot wearers from January 2010 to February 2019? In the initial search in the literature 20 articles were found according to the descriptors in the health sciences, after the analysis of the same 10 articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria of this study. The sample of this Integrative Review of Literature totaled 10 articles, of which 3 (30%) were found only in the MEDLINE database, 1 (10%) only in LILACS, 2 (20%) only in the VHL, 3 (30%) in the VHL and LILACS and 1 (10%) in the VHL and MEDLINE. According to the research carried out in the literature, all the studies showed benefits, such as: reduction of bacterial growth (NE1), reduction of amputation (NE2), decreased infection and reduced amputation (NE3 ), there was neovascularization and acceleration in tissue repair (NE3, NE6) and there was reduction of the lesion area. According to the studies conducted by IZADI, et al. (2019), it was found that the healing time depends on the size of the lesion and subsequent ozone dosage, the greater the lesion the longer the cicatrization time and the greater the dosage. The use of ozone in diabetic lesions is a practice that has satisfactory results, and the nurse must be up to date, conducting studies regarding the technique in order to provide a better treatment option and quality of life for diabetic foot patients.