Os contratos de parceria na monocultura do dendê no estado do Pará: integração da agricultura familiar ou uma forma moderna de escravidão por dívida?

Abstract

This study aims to determine whether the production of palm oil, through the integration of family farming, serves the social function to which it is proposed, ensuring regional and social development, or, rather, is a modern version of slavery for debt, aimed at ensure greater competitiveness in the market, with the sacrifice of local people and the fatherland fraud legislation. As a hypothesis, it holds that the employed family farming in oil palm cultivation is only the latest stage in the constant process of searching for companies by techniques to ease the manpower required for the production of high competitiveness and globalization times markets. It is, in fact, the ancient practice of dispensing, returning under the defense mantle of family farming, making, modern and disguised, of debt slavery these peasants, concealed by the discourse of social responsibility and finds support in legislation and a set of public policies that uplift and encourage the development of family farming, without a corresponding supervision on how occurs. In order to achieve this goal, in the second chapter, we discuss the recovery of the concept of work itself and its historical change to the way we understand contemporaneously. In the third chapter, we discuss the issue of flexibility of labor relations in a context of globalization of markets and redefinition of productive spaces, highlighting, above all, as the practices of companies that exploit the palm fit into this process, defrauding the legislation and exposing farmers to work in degrading conditions and exhausting journeys in conditions analogous to slavery. In the fourth chapter, we will seek to address the reality of work in palm oil and its peculiarities, in order to, from bibliographical and jurisprudential research, gather elements that make it possible to draw a general picture of how the oil palm has transformed the reality of families farmers who fall in family farming projects, especially elements linked to the labor universe to confirm or disprove the debt slavery hypothesis. In the fifth chapter, we shall question the validity of the partnership by analyzing contracts of its structural elements, which resemble much more the contract labor than, specifically, civil contract, since it is present, quite evidently, structural subordination of farmers to the company "partner." This is a necessary study, lined with great social relief, it is important to discuss and understand how social transformations take place in the region.