Perfil epidemiológico de tuberculose extrapulmonar na região metropolitana de Belém

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the diseases with the greatest impact on morbidity and mortality in Brazil, with a high number of new cases every year. It is an airborne disease caused by species that make up the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The most frequent extrapulmonary affections are pleural, lymph node, urogenital and meningoencephalic. Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological profile of new cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the Metropolitan Region of Belém between 2016-2020. Methodology: The research was descriptive, with an analytical and cross-sectional study carried out through the analysis of secondary basic data, indicators and notifications of extrapulmonary tuberculosis made available at the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) - Disease Information System of Notification (SINAN). In the period from 2016 to 2020. Results: Belém is responsible for 82.36% of cases between 2016-2020, equivalent to 1,168 of the population detected with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In the regions of Marituba and Santa Bárbara do Pará, there has been an upward trend in the last year, with the municipality of Marituba showing the highest detection rates of extrapulmonary tuberculosis per 100,000 inhabitants. It is noted that in all years between 2016-2020 women had the highest rates, with almost 17% in 2019. However, men also had the highest rate in 2019, with 12%. It is also noticed that the rates between 2019-2020 are declining, but there is still a rising municipality in the male population. It is evident that the Pleural form is the most prevalent with 48% of cases, followed by the Peripheral Ganglional form, responsible for 22%. The year 2019 has the highest number of cases of patients immunosuppressed by HIV, with 23.95% of the total cases. Conclusion: In the Metropolitan Region, incidence rates continue to rise, although the capital has reduced the number of cases in the last year.