Barreiras enfrentadas para realização do Papanicolaou: elaboração de uma tecnologia educativa em saúde

Abstract

The Pap Smear is a gynecological examination used to assist in the early diagnosis of cervical cancer and changes caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). International knowledge, as an appropriate, practical and inexpensive instrument for the screening of cervical cancer, also called colpocitology and more commonly reported by the client as a preventive examination. The Ministry of Health, as a priority group as a woman from 25 to 65 years of age for the realization. Aiming at improving the healthy lifestyle, with a view to the prevention and control of cancer risk factors, the uterus seeks the development of a light health education technology. To analyze the main barriers of women between 25 and 65 years to perform the preventive examination of milk cancer in a basic bed of the Unified Health System; Identify how women who take women to the Pap smear; Elaborate a technology through the most important points raised by the participants to improve the clarification about the preventive exam. This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, performed at a Basic Health Unit (UBS) in the Jaderlândia neighborhood in the state of Pará, Brazil, with 18 women between 25 and 65 years old, through a semi-structured interview. Through the reports of the participants, we perceive the fragmented knowledge about the exam, with distinct origins being: family, basic health unit and media. It was evidenced the difficulties to perform the exam being: due to failures in the management of the UBS, material management and the absence of the professional, the difficulties that lead women to discredit the exam are: delay in the result of the exam, lack of material and expressions of feelings, which are: shame, fear and pain. And the reasons that prevent these women not to maintain a periodicity with the examination is due to the forgetfulness and daily occupations. Based on all that was evidenced palas participants of the research was developed a light technology chosen to present to this public, this being a poster in the form of banner to be left in the unit in a place easily accessible and understanding the lay population to the effectiveness of technology. It is concluded that it is not enough to guarantee access to the Pap smear in the health services, nor to issue information about it. It is primarily necessary to ensure that customers have access to this information, and that it is appropriate and scientifically based.