Prevalência e perfil de resistência dos principais agentes microbianos bucais associados à pneumonia nosocomial de um hospital púbico do estado do Pará entre 2014 e 2017

Abstract

The multiresistance of antimicrobial drugs is an increasingly worrying phenomenon in anti-infective therapy, especially in critical patients such as those receiving health care in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). This becomes even more problematic when it comes to patients admitted to these units as they are more vulnerable to opportunistic infections. The absence of oral care in these patients can lead to the spread of infections to the rest of the body, among them Nosocomial Pneumonia, of recognized high prevalence and lethality. This study aims to identify the prevalence of oral infectious agents in patients treated at ICUs on a public hospital, in the state of Pará, between 2014 – 2017, and to assess the sensitivity and resistance profile of the main microorganisms associated with these infections in 489 patients of this hospital. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were the most prevalent agents (p<0.05) among patients with VAP, and Carbapenens (47.62%) and Cephalosporins of the 3rd and 4th generation (14.29%) the antibiotics that showed more resistance for Pseudomonas. Carbapenens were also more resistant to Acinetobacter (55.5%), followed by 3rd and 4th generation Cephalosporins, Imipenem, Meropenem, Quinolones and Ampicillin + Sulbactam (6%). PAV was the most frequently found infection site in the studied sample, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii being the most prevalent bacteria, and the antibiotic Carbapenens presented the highest resistance to both.