Perfil epidemiológico dos nascimentos no Brasil a partir das declarações de nascidos-vivos entre 2006 e 2015

Abstract

Introduction: Birth and birth are transformative events in the lives of women and babies, and most often, they are not at risk. Brazil went from a high-fertility regime to a low-fertility and long-term internal and external regime to improve the quality of care for the newborn and to reduce maternal and infant mortality. Objective: To analyze the socio-epidemiological profile of births in Brazil from the birth-to-child report by Sinasc in DATASUS, corresponding to the period from January 2006 to December 2015. Results: About 29.2 million live births were born between 2006 and 2015. The year of 2015 registered the highest rate and year of 2010 the lowest. As for seasonality, the March-April-May quarter had the highest rates, with 26.8% of total births and the lowest October-November-December quarter (23.6%). There was an increase in the proportion of births of mothers aged 30 years or older, from 24.53% to 32.79%, and a reduction in the proportion of those aged less than 20 years, from 24.48% to 18.14%. There was an increase in the birth rate where mothers performed prenatal care with 7 or more consultations, from 54.54% to 66.49%. About 2% of the births were of multiple gestation, with maintenance of this percentage in the period. The incidence of low birth weight in the period was 2.45 million births. Cesarean section was the type of delivery in 52.07% of births, with an increase of 10.46 percentage points of this way of delivery in the period. 2.6 million premature infants (8.95% of the total live births) were born, with a rate increase from 6.61% to 10.83% in the period evaluated. Apgar score higher than 7 (good vitality) occurred in 82.27% of the total live births, and 93.39% presented the same score in the 5th minute of life. The incidence of births with an Apgar score lower than 8 in the first minute was higher in preterm (32.82%) compared to the term and post term (15.8% and 19.9%, respectively). Conclusion: The Live Birth Information System (Sinasc) is a good and timely source of information about births in Brazil. It is possible to trace the profile of births, having as a basic document the Declaration of Live Birth (DNV). The results obtained are very important for the knowledge of many variables that may help in the future the construction of strategies aimed at improving the Brazilian Health system.