Navegando por Assunto "Mycobacterium tuberculosis"

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Perfil clínico-epidemiológico da coinfecção HIV/tuberculose em um serviço de assistência especializado em Belém/PA no período de 2011 a 2018
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2022-11-10) Silva, Lucas Solano Araújo da; Ribeiro, Samuel Soares; Santos, Eliane Regine Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3837797857505891; Albuquerque, Mário Roberto Tavares Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3233617656287982; Santos, Bruno Souza dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6779627806652537
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus whose pathogenesis consists of an asymptomatic or symptomatic acute phase. If the patient is not treated, the disease may progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), considered a chronic and lethal infectious disease, and consequently the individual be susceptible to opportunistic infections. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). In Brazil, a prevalence of 8.1% of HIV/TB coinfection was reported in 2019, an average similar to that found in the state of Pará, with 9.1 % PLHA had co-infection with TB. The present study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of PLWHA with Tuberculosis (TB) in a Health Care Center for Acquired Infectious Diseases (CASA DIA) in the municipality of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. This is an observational cross-sectional study based on the epidemiological method, carried out after the appraisal and release of opinion, which consisted of a collection of data from medical records and the Tuberculosis Program Book of PLHA coinfected with TB, aged over 18 years, who were monitored at CASA DIA in the municipality of Belém-PA from 2011 to 2018. Around of 598 medical records were analyzed, but only 366 were selected to compose the study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the 366 medical records, the mean age was 35.3 years, with a prevalence of 68.9% male and 80.6% of schooling corresponding to incomplete elementary school. The main behavioural risk factors for HIV infection that obtained prevalence were sexual orientation - heterosexual, with 48.6%, followed by 34.4% and 42.6% who reported having more than 3 sexual partners and who reported not using condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed that 55.5% of patients had a detectable viral load and 49.2% had CD4+ lymphocytes <350 cells/mm3. In the clinical profile of tuberculosis, a prevalence of 64.5% was recorded for new cases, 35.8% for non-reactive (NR - <5mm) in the tuberculin skin test, 38.5% for a diagnosis suggestive of TB by chest X-ray, and 57.4% of the patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Noting that about 37.2% completed the treatment, but 24.3% abandoned it. The correlation between the immunovirological profile and the clinical profile of TB did not present a statistically significant difference, but it was possible to observe that the detectable viral load had a higher incidence in both the pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical forms, with 84% and 82%, respectively. It was also found that CD4+ values <350 cells/mm3 were higher in the clinical forms of TB, with 75% (104/139) for the pulmonary form and 74% for the extrapulmonary form. Thus, it is necessary to intensify educational, preventive and infection control measures. The study warns about the importance of filling out the medical records properly, to correct this filling failure, it is essential to train health professionals until they are able to complete the medical records.
Perfil epidemiológico de tuberculose extrapulmonar na região metropolitana de Belém
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2021) Maia, Juliane Tayse Ribeiro; Sá, Lorenna Luciano; Souza, Rhomero Salvyo Assef; Neves, José Joaquim de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9075377277147026; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5327528039741804
Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the diseases with the greatest impact on morbidity and mortality in Brazil, with a high number of new cases every year. It is an airborne disease caused by species that make up the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The most frequent extrapulmonary affections are pleural, lymph node, urogenital and meningoencephalic. Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological profile of new cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the Metropolitan Region of Belém between 2016-2020. Methodology: The research was descriptive, with an analytical and cross-sectional study carried out through the analysis of secondary basic data, indicators and notifications of extrapulmonary tuberculosis made available at the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) - Disease Information System of Notification (SINAN). In the period from 2016 to 2020. Results: Belém is responsible for 82.36% of cases between 2016-2020, equivalent to 1,168 of the population detected with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In the regions of Marituba and Santa Bárbara do Pará, there has been an upward trend in the last year, with the municipality of Marituba showing the highest detection rates of extrapulmonary tuberculosis per 100,000 inhabitants. It is noted that in all years between 2016-2020 women had the highest rates, with almost 17% in 2019. However, men also had the highest rate in 2019, with 12%. It is also noticed that the rates between 2019-2020 are declining, but there is still a rising municipality in the male population. It is evident that the Pleural form is the most prevalent with 48% of cases, followed by the Peripheral Ganglional form, responsible for 22%. The year 2019 has the highest number of cases of patients immunosuppressed by HIV, with 23.95% of the total cases. Conclusion: In the Metropolitan Region, incidence rates continue to rise, although the capital has reduced the number of cases in the last year.
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose no município de Belém no período entre 2019 e 2021
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2022) Batista, Elton Gonçalves; Souza, Wagner Wilson Santos de; Souza, Ivete Moura Seabra de; Santos, Roseane do Socorro Ferreira dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0319739561703154; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5318491010793081
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by aerobic gram-negative bacteria, and those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis group are those that cause the disease in humans. The most common form is pulmonary, and there may be extrapulmonary forms. Factors such as diabetes, HIV infection, alcohol consumption, smoking favor TB illness. The physician plays an important role in prevention, diagnosis and treatment. As of 2019, TB control strategies were impacted by the pandemic caused by COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the city of Belém, between the years 2019 and 2021. METHOD: This is an epidemiological, retrospective descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The data used were obtained from the DATASUS platform, in the public domain, using the TABNET/DATASUS tool. RESULTS: In general, the data on tuberculosis cases registered in Belém between 2019 and 2021, from this study, agree with the global and national trend of reduction in the number of cases, recording a 27.8% drop in the numbers in this period. The reduction in cases was primarily due to the decrease in diagnoses, as evidenced by the drop in smear smears of the 1st sputum, sputum culture, rapid tests and sensitivity tests. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological variables related to TB followed the proportional decrease in the number of reported cases in the period between 2019 and 2021. The numbers of cases decreased in the period in question, possibly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the present study corroborated the understanding of the importance of health services in the identification of possible TB cases and risk groups for illness.