Navegando por Assunto "Democracia"

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A democracia de Enrique Dussel como fundamento para efetivação do novo constitucionalismo da América Latina: a análise dos dispositivos constitucionais do conselho de participação e cidadania do Equador, da plurinacionalidade e da jurisdição boliviana
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2021-02-23) Ferreira, Gabriela Brito; Pinheiro, Victor Sales; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0416222855469529; Bastos, Elísio Augusto Velloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9156547826965478; Taxi, Ricardo Araújo Dib; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2208519070757294
This dissertation aims to understand decolonial thinking, using it as a source for the emergence of the practice of New Constitutionalism in Latin America, demonstrating a paradigm transition and the importance of thinking the existing models from new perspectives. In this context, the new Latin American Constitutional model is presented and detailed, as well as its challenges, which imply the argument of a certain popular participation devices ineffectiveness and focuses on these countries' plurinationality. Thus, the dissertation starts from the hypothetical deductive method, which through a line of reasoning deduces from pre-established information. It presentes a qualitative approach with documented bibliographic review procedure, investigates scientific articles, books and videos on decolonialism, Latin American democracies and the Latin American New Constitutionalism. This is an explanatory research, as it tries to bring explanations about the coherent themes, as well as about the history of the Latin American countries. Therefore, the work sought to answer: How does the democratic theory, contained in the work “Carta a los Indignos” by Enrique Dussel, enable the practice of constitutional provisions which are in the Latin American New Constitutionalism third Cycle? Based on this point of view, the dissertation presents Dussel's democratic essay recovering the union of participatory and representative democracy, constantly and wrongly placed as opposites. In his view, legitimacy is presented from the perspective of popular sovereignty, being the most important, however, to make it reasonable in populous countries, as Latin American countries are, it becomes necessary the appreciation of representative democracy in order to solve the demands presented by participatory democracy. In this way, the dissertation, through the theory of Enrique Dussel, tries to bring a response to the inefficiencies of certain provisions in the Latin American New Constitutionalism Constitutions, giving even more legitimacy and urgency to its real effectiviness.
As novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação e seus impactos na democracia contemporânea
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2021) Rodrigues, Cristina Pires Teixeira de Miranda; Bastos, Elísio Augusto Velloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9156547826965478; Freitas, Juliana Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0679636700210902; Villas Boas, Regina Vera; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4695452665454054
This study intends to make a critical reflection about the effects of new information and communication technologies on contemporary democracy. Within this universe of digital platforms and applications, the use of these tools in the latest electoral campaigns in some democratic countries has sparked interest in more closely analyzing the effects of new technologies on the democratic process, as well as on democratic institutions and the citizen. Can the democratic regime be favored or weakened by new information and communication technologies? Is it possible for citizens to fully exercise their citizenship through new technologies? The research now developed has a theoretical-descriptive character and qualitative bias, with a critical and reflective perspective. The deductive method, of historical-comparative procedure and the bibliographic research technique specialized in the researched subject are used. After the research, it was concluded that the new information and communication Technologies represent important advances for society, with benefits for both the citizen and for democratic institutions that can facilitate the dialogue between political agents, as well as giving back to the citizen not only control over public policies to be implemented according to the needs of the population, as well as responsibility for collective decisions to be taken for the full economic, political and social development of humanity. However, it must be borne in mind that digital tools are not the magic solution that can solve complex problems and the crisis that affects the democratic regime. For the positive effects of new technologies to be a reality in democratic societies and to be able to rescue the democratic values so worn out by the successive crises faced, it is essential that minimum conditions are implemented or at least debated by all civil society and political agents. Only after this debate, will the use of technological resources be able to favor democracy.
Democracia, neoliberalismo e crise humanitária: a legitimidade de políticas anti-imigração e seus efeitos à ordem democrática
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-14) Furlan, Maria Luiza Favacho; Verbicaro, Loiane Prado; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões
The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between neoliberalism, democracy and human rights, in a context of a humanitarian crisis in which there is an increase in the flow of migrants and refugees around the globe, highlighting a challenging scenario for countries that, although they consider themselves democratic, are not capable of maintaining the institutional commitments arising from the choice of this political system. In this perspective, the research seeks to treat neoliberalism as the foundation of anti-immigration policies, in the light of the idea that this ideological current is a form of social regulation that seeks to annul individuality in favor of standardizing citizens to market interests, which allows the legitimation of these measures in the social scene. In addition, the paper focuses on the political ascension tendency of outsiders in recent years, such as Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro, who, aware of the political dissatisfaction of the elites with the attendance of governments to minority groups, including immigrants, seek to institutionalize the political upheaval and the ethnic rivalry between peoples, from the negation of the other and the differences, in an egocentric valorization of nationalism and the search for the reconstruction of the national identity, leading to beliefs about the end or about a rupture of democracy. Finally, it is understood that although anti-immigration policies do in fact cause institutional tension in democratic orders, democracy has always shown a laudable ability to manage crisis circumstances, and it is therefore believed that this political regime will survive the waves of conservatism which are exposed, although probably not unharmed.
O impeachment de 2016 e a expropriação constitucional do voto no Brasil: consequências à democracia brasileira
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-14) Lima, Giovanna Faciola Brandão de Souza; Verbicaro, Loiane da Ponte Souza Prado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4100200759767576; Carvalho, Bruno Brasil de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8378493373753040
The present study deals with the scenario of political instability in which the country finds itself. In order to do so, the aim is to find a response to this problem, namely, to what extent the process of Dilma Rousseff's impediment, together with the constitutional expropriation of the vote, contributed to the fragility of Brazilian democracy, in view of bibliographical research, especially with regard to the thesis raised by political scientists, who consider that, currently, we live in the time of the protagonism of the Judiciary Power. In addition to the concept of the regime established by the 1988 Constitution and the rite of impeachment, it was sought to demonstrate the context in which it occurred in the year 2016, as well as some of the different interpretations of this event.
O agravamento da crise dos refugiados em tempos de neoliberalismo e a ressignificação do papel do Estado
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-12) Mello Neto, Ridivan Clairefont de Souza; Reymão, Ana Elizabeth Neirão; Verbicaro, Loiane da Ponte Souza Prado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4100200759767576; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7523845838580356; Bentes, Natália Mascarenhas Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7841149596245216; Martins, Ricardo Evandro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0592012548046002
This dissertation discusses the weakening of the implementation of social policies and the marginalization of vulnerable groups such as refugees, due to the advance of neoliberalismo and the negation of State provision of fundamental rights through social policies. We analyze the individual-State relationship of foreign groups in Brazil and the legal treatment given to them to show the absence of their effective reception and inclusion. The reasons for refugees should be seen as a vulnerable group that demands state protection. The question then arises as the imposition of neoliberal rationality affects the promotion of social policies for this group and changes the relations between individual, state and society, implying a process of de-democratization in the face of the lack of commitment to the concretization of citizenship in its social aspect. It is argued that the establishment of the neoliberal model transforms the purpose of the State's existence and alters this relationship, resulting in a reduction in the promotion of universal social policies to guarantee fundamental rights and promote citizenship of refugees. It is concluded that neoliberalism, by deconstructing the sense that it is up to the State to correct inequalities and imposing economic logic as a criterion of public policy decisions, alters understandings about citizenship and the universality of rights associated with these policies.
Os atos antidemocráticos e as eleições gerais de 2022: a liberdade de expressão em xeque
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2023) Mercês, Andrey Colares das; Freitas, Juliana Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0679636700210902
This article brings some reflections on the (anti)democratic context of the period of the general elections that took place in the year 2022, from the perspective of some severe shocks caused in the structure of the Brazilian Democratic State of Law, especially with regard to the demonstrations that occurred during the electoral process and after the results of the polls. In this way, it is understood that one of the pillars of essential support and formation of the principled basis of our democracy, is freedom of expression, a right recognized as fundamental by Democracy, which, entitled by all those who are in our State , cannot be exercised in an unrestrained and even unlimited way by any of us. That said, from the moment that, in the supposed exercise of our political freedoms, such as freedom of expression, we assume that their nature is absolute, we put in check, which is one of the axioms of democracy in our country, in addition to confronting the Majority Principle regarding the legitimate outcome of the polls. The work is developed from the context of democracy and its institutional framework as the main source of a Democratic State of Law, bringing to the discussion theoretical foundations and legal literature that strengthen the (anti)democratic, and even criminal, sense of such acts. The conclusion derives from crimes and reasonable developments in the context, striving for coherence between democracy and the true meaning of political and party manifestation.
O protagonismo do Supremo Tribunal Federal na atual crise das instituições políticas
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019-06-14) Serra, Isabella Melinda de Sousa; Verbicaro, Loiane da Ponte Souza Prado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4100200759767576; Mello Neto, Ridivan Clairefont de Souza
The purpose of this subject was to analyze the conditions that favors the protagonism of the Brazilian Supreme Court in the most recent political issues and the impacts caused internally and externally to the Court, especially in the relation with the other powers. It was a monograph originated of a bibliographic research within books, scientific articles, news reports, legislation and jurisprudence. In this research, it was analyzed, initially, the theorical aspects that gave ground to the ascension of the Judicial Power in the context of the post-war democracies, due to the consecration of the Constitutions based in the human rights. Afterwards, it was analyzed recent political episodes in the Brazilian scenario where the intervention of the Supreme Court was determinant to the political arena e to the society, such as the impeachment of ex-president Dilma Rousseff, the removal of the president of the Chamber of Deputies, Eduardo Cunha, the annulment of the nomination of the ex-president Lula to the Staff of the Presidency of the Republic, the limitation of the parliamentary immunity and the acknowledgment of the freedom to express political ideas inside the universities. Lastly, it was explained the real circumstances – the crisis in the legislative representation, the Court’s institutional architecture and the questionable guideline’s choices – that contributes to the protagonism of the Court in the most important political issues and the impacts cause internally and externally in the democratic institutions.
O whistleblowing como instrumento de combate à corrupção: uma análise à luz dos princípios do regime democrático
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2018-06-26) Souza, Luiza Pessoa Oliveira de; Freitas, Juliana Rodrigues; Oliveira, Adriano Carvalho
The following essay has the goal of demostrating how whistleblowing functions as an instrument to combat corruption in the light of the principles of Democracy, especially considering the importance of popular participation in State’s political issues. For this purpose, the concept and modus operandi of whistleblowing will be analysed, with an approach to american, british and french whistleblowing laws. Likewise, similar Brazilian legal mechanisms will be analysed, such as awarded collaboration and popular lawsuit. In addition, it will be fundamental to contextualize popular participation in State’s democracy, employing democratic literature as groundwork. Furthermore, it will be given a special approach to right to development, since corruption is a kind of violation of this right, whose promotion in a broad range is a positive consequence of democracy. Moreover, the essay will briefly introduce the bill n. 4.850/2016, based on a Brazil’s Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office’s project named « Ten Measures Against Corruption », which features traces of whistleblowing. Therefore, the present research is important inasmuch as it points out an instrument of combat against corruption in the light of democracy, given it is still a little-known mechanism in Brazil that could be introduced in its legal system, since whistleblowing is indeed an instrument that attends democratic process requirements, considering factors such as popular participation and right to development.