Avaliação dos resultados dos exames de endoscopia digestiva alta realizadas em um hospital do município de Belém-PA no ano de 2019

Abstract

Introduction: An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a very important exam nowadays, since it is the most used exam for diagnosis and monitoring of some pathologies. With the increasing presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the entire population, largely due to risky lifestyle habits for the development of diseases, this test has been increasingly used. In addition, hygiene conditions also directly influence Helicobacter Pylori (HP) infection, which is one of the main risk factors for the development of gastric mucosal diseases. The most prevalent pathologies in the population undergoing this examination are inflammation of each segment of the digestive tract, such as esophagitis, gastritis and bulboduodenitis . In addition to these, we can also find more serious lesions, such as Barrett's Esophagus and neoplasms of each segment. Finally, endoscopies can also be therapeutic, performing minimally invasive interventions such as gastrostomies, polypectomies and ligation of esophageal varices. Objective: To identify the most common findings found in EGD in patients at the Guadalupe Hospital, in Belém-PA. Methodology: This work is an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study, through the analysis of reports of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed in patients at the Guadalupe Hospital in Belém-PA, during one year (2019), identifying the main findings of these tests. Results: 1358 patients were included in the study. Most patients (883 or 65%) were female. 478 of them (35.2%) were aged between 60 and 79 years and the avarege age was 54 years. Almost all subjects (1350 or 99.4%) had gastric alterations. 5.7% (77 subjects) had duodenal changes. 36.2% of the subjects had esophageal alterations. 0.8% (11 individuals) had suggestive neoplasms test. 50.4% (684 people) had two or more endoscopic findings. From the 1358 patients submitted to the examination, only 25 (1.8%) of them did not present any alteration in the endoscopy. Among the patients with gastric alterations, 990 (73.3%) had enanthematous antral gastritis . In duodenal alterations, 71.4% of the individuals had erosive bulboduodenitis . The majority (446 or 90.8%) of esophageal findings were erosive esophagitis. As for the suggestive neoplasms findings, 72.7% of them were found in the stomach. The association between sex, age group and the presence of alterations was verified. There was a significant association between sex and presence of alterations (p=0.027): in males, 99.4% had alterations, this proportion being higher when compared to that expected by the statistical test. Conclusion: The performance of a quality EGD is essential for accurate diagnoses, as well as its proper indication. The present study statistically disagreed with the international rates of abnormal tests, perhaps due to the adequate request for tests, according to the guidelines of the country in which this study was carried out. The main pathologies found were those of inflammatory origin, however, considerable numbers of pre-malignant and malignant lesions were also seen, such as Barrett's Esophagus and neoplasms, respectively. This exam is even more important in these last mentioned pathologies, because early diagnosis allows a better prognosis. It is also possible to correlate these main findings with the population's life habits, which play a relevant role in the emergence of these diseases, however, the study did not possess these data from the patients who underwent the exams, which may contribute to future studies that may use this information.