Prevalência de fatores de risco em pacientes com alteração no processamento auditivo central atendidos no Centro de Especialidades Médicas do CESUPA

Abstract

Introduction: Central auditory processing (CAP) is the physiological mechanism for conducting auditory information from the cochlea, a peripheral sensory organ, to the upper auditory centers ¹. Knowledge of the risk factors associated with central auditory processing disorder (CPD) is important for clinical suspicion, reducing the negative impact on language and cognition in these patients. Among these risk factors are dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), neonatal hypoxia, congenital hypothyroidism (CH), secretory otitis media in the first 5 years of life, hospitalization of baby in ICU for 48 hours or more, syndromes, family history, facial blood anomalies and congenital diseases ⁴-¹¹. Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of risk factors in patients with alterations in the central auditory processing of the otolaryngology service of CEMEC. Methodology: The study is observational, cross-sectional and quantitative, using medical records of patients who have alterations in central auditory processing in the otorhinolaryngology outpatient at Clinic of the Medical Specialties Center of CESUPA. Results: Nineteen patients with central auditory processing disorders were included in the study, and only two (10.5%) were female. The age at diagnosis was mainly six to ten years, in 47.4% of cases. The prevalence of risk factors found in the sample. Ten reported non-risk-determining patients (52.6%), seven had ADHD (36.8%) and at a lower frequency, two had ASD and neonatal anoxia and dyslexia were reported in one patient each. It is observed that learning difficulties were the most reported pre-diagnostic complaint, in 63.2% of cases, followed by speech delay and inattention (36.8%).Conclusion: It appears that the vast majority of patients found were male, with greater frequency in the age group of 6 to 10 years at diagnosis. The most common risk factors were ADHD, followed by ASD, neonatal anoxia and dyslexia.