Panorama da gravidez na adolescência no estado do Pará, no período de 2011 a 2020

Abstract

Adolescence is defined by the interval from 10 to 20 years old, where several psychological and physical changes place the teenager in an age group of greater vulnerability. Teenage pregnancy is seen as a public health problem, due to the adverse effects it can bring to the health of the mother and fetus. To characterize the profile of pregnant adolescents in the state of Pará from 2011 to 2020. Observational, quantitative, descriptive, ecological study, based on data made available to the public by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Data were collected from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC), made available by DATASUS, from 2011 to 2020, for analysis of the fertility rate. Data evaluated on SUS Hospital Morbidity (SIH/SUS) were related as causes related to childbirth, pregnancy and puerperium. The adolescent population was collected from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) to calculate rates. The data were removed by the tabwin program and converted into excel 7.0 spreadsheets. There was a high rate in absolute numbers and in the fertility rate of teenage mothers in the period from 2011 to 2020. Most of the adolescents were in the transition from elementary to high school. Most mothers in the adolescent age group were brown and had a single pregnancy. The place of birth with the highest rate were hospitals, but it is clear that the numbers of home births are still alarming. The numbers of cesarean sections are still high, but vaginal delivery stands out. Among deaths from obstetric causes, the direct ones are still in greater value and abortion due to spontaneous causes is still higher than due to other causes. The rate of teenage pregnancy presents very high values, being considered a public health problem. Therefore, public policies are needed that are actually effective and change the reality that an early pregnancy can bring to countless adolescents, in addition to the risks for the mother and fetus.