Perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes do ambulatório de nefrologia atendidos no Centro de Especialidades Médicas do CESUPA

Abstract

Introduction: Kidney diseases encompass a group of pathologies with high incidence in the population, among which this study will highlight five main conditions: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Nephrolithiasis, Glomerulopathies, Diabetic Nephropathy, and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). These conditions lead to significant clinical impacts, such as progressive renal function loss, alterations in other systems, need for hospitalizations and hemodialysis, resulting in a substantial impact on quality of life and healthcare costs. Therefore, this study aims to obtain the clinical-epidemiological profile of nephrological diseases among patients attending the Nephrology Outpatient Clinic. Objective: To determine the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients attending the Nephrology Outpatient Clinic at CEMEC (Medical Specialties Center of Cesupa) and to define strategies to improve the quality of healthcare for these outpatient patients. Methodology: This study will involve data collection from medical records of patients seen at the Nephrology Outpatient Clinic at CEMEC from January 2022 to June 2023. Data will be recorded by researchers using the questionnaire provided in Appendix D. After data collection, statistical software BioEstat and Spps 21 will be used for data analysis. The Chi-square test for goodness of fit will be used for single sample analysis, and the G-test will be used to compare independent samples. Results: This study analyzed 302 patients, mostly women (66.6%), predominantly over 50 years old (83.1%). The main diseases included Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Polycystic Kidney Disease, renal lithiasis, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), and Glomerulopathies. In CKD, stages G3, G4, and G5 were most common, with a high prevalence of albuminuria. The most commonly used medications were statins and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs). Anemia treatment included Erythropoietin and Iron Sulfate. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) were observed in 3.6% of patients, mainly with E. Coli. Nephrolithiasis was present in 8.9% of patients, mainly with calcium oxalate. The most frequent laboratory tests included Creatinine, Hemoglobin, and Vitamin D. Patients with Nephrolithiasis and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease showed values within the normal range for many parameters. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical-epidemiological landscape of nephrological patients treated at CEMEC. The information obtained has practical implications for the management and improvement of care for these patients, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring, early intervention, and an integrated approach to address the challenges associated with CKD and related conditions.