Perfil clínico-epidemiológico e abordagem terapêutica dos pacientes com síndromes nefrítica e nefrótica acompanhados no ambulatório de nefrologia pediátrica do Centro de Especialidades Médicas do CESUPA (CEMEC-CESUPA) entre 2019 e 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Glomerular syndromes are among the main causes of chronic kidney disease in childhood, among the most prevalent are nephritic syndrome (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis) and minimal change nephrotic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical-epidemiological profile of cases of nephritic and nephrotic syndromes treated and monitored by the Pediatric Nephrology outpatient clinic of the CESUPA Medical Specialties Center (CEMEC-CESUPA). METHODOLOGY: This study used a questionnaire to collect information from 30 medical records of patients who were followed at the CEMEC pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic between January 2019 and December 2023. The data collected were on sex, skin color, age group, origin, diagnosis by ICD10, drug treatment, comorbidities, imaging tests performed, and renal biopsy. The data were tabulated and organized in graphs and tables. The study was observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective in terms of prevalence. RESULTS: The data revealed that most patients were male (74%), brown, between 4 and 7 years of age, and from the metropolitan region of Belém and Marajó Island. Most patients were initially diagnosed with nephritic syndrome (N009) (56.6%). However, the recommended drug treatment for patients with nephrotic syndrome was systemic corticosteroids. In addition, there were reports of patients with nephrotic syndrome who developed chronic kidney disease (13%), and renal biopsy was more prevalent in patients with this diagnosis. Most of the sample underwent kidney and urinary tract ultrasound (38.5%). CONCLUSION: It was observed that patients followed at CEMEC with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome tend to have a greater chance of complications when compared to those with nephritic syndrome, despite presenting a similar epidemiological profile for both pathologies. Further research is needed to determine the types of glomerulopathies and the main etiology of nephritic syndrome in these groups.