Perfil clínico epidemiológico de pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais atendidos pelo Centro de Especialidades Médicas do CESUPA (CEMEC) no período de agosto de 2021 a março de 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This group of chronic diseases draws attention due to the large number and variety of intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations, and the profile of these patients in the Amazon region has been little studied. Due to the large number and severity of clinical signs and symptoms, IBD presents considerable impairment of the social, economic and emotional performance of the affected individual. Thus, the present study aims to identify the clinical-epidemiological profile of the population treated at the Gastrointestinal Pathology Outpatient Clinic of the Medical Specialties Center of CESUPA (Higher Education Institution of the city of Belém-PA), understanding that this knowledge allows the development of actions aimed at improving the quality of life of individuals. Methods: This is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study focusing on the analysis of medical records of patients with IBD, observing the variables of the clinical and epidemiological profile of the patients followed from August 2021 to March 2024. Results: 32 patients with IBD were identified, with 54.8% having UC, 21.4% having CD, with a predominance of females (78.1%), with an age range of 20-30 years (21.9%), with regard to the work occupation recorded in medical records, there is a predominance among retirees (18.8%), with a high prevalence of comorbidities (62.5%), with 62.5% being sedentary. Regarding disease activity, 56.3% were active, 34.4% in remission, and 9.4% not informed. The most commonly used therapy was mesalazine (43.8%), followed by azathioprine in 37.5% and prednisone in 15.6%. CT enterography was performed in only 3 patients, 2 (6.3%) with alterations, while colonoscopy had as its main finding an inflammatory process (37.5%) followed by the absence of an inflammatory process (31.3%). Regarding laboratory markers of indirect disease activity, there was a comparison between them, the initial ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) ranged from 3 to 120.0 mm/h, with a median of 42.5 mm/h, while C-Reactive Protein (CRP) ranged from 2.4 to 172.0 mg/L, with a median of 6.6 mg/L, fecal calprotectin (FC) ranged from 2.7 to 1750.0 μg/g, with a median of 165.0 μg/g. Conclusion: In this study, we found ulcerative colitis to be the most prevalent form of IBD, affecting women in the age group classified as young adults, with active disease and using medications indicated as a reference for the treatment of comorbidity. From the proposed study, we identified that the respondents follow the clinical epidemiological profile already presented in the literature from other regions of the country.