Municípios mineradores e a utilização da CFEM (Compensação Financeira pela Exploração de Recursos Minerais) para combate à pandemia da COVID-19: um estudo sobre as políticas públicas de Itaituba, Paragominas e Canaã dos Carajás

Abstract

The objective of this dissertation is to understand how the State acted during the covid19 pandemic to ensure the right to health in mining municipalities in the Amazon, investigating public policies in Itaituba, Paragominas and Canaã dos Carajás, in the state of Pará. The focuses is into the use of the Financial Compensation for the Exploration of Mineral Resources (CFEM) and the identification of the main measures taken by the executive, legislative and local judiciary. The research approach is qualitative, using a case study in those municipalities, based on bibliographic and documental review. This is an applied research and, in terms of objectives, it is a descriptive and explanatory research, describing facts and phenomena, in addition to seeking to identify the factors that determine or contribute to the occurrence of these phenomena. The study showed that the analyzed municipalities defined measures to combat covid-19, through the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the functioning of various economic activities, identified in several normative acts issued by them. Mining exploration, however, did not directly suffer such impacts, having even been considered an essential activity for the functioning of the country (Decree No. 10,329, of April 28, 2020). There were also several interferences made by the judiciary, aimed at determining the execution of protective measures of the right to health. It was also observed the role of the Public Ministry, both state and federal, in order to ensure the protection of the health of workers in local mines. As for budget execution and use of CFEM, the three municipalities demonstrate that the allocation of perceived values could be better. The value attributed to the funding of public policies in the area of health was much lower than expected and a large part of it was used to fund short-term activities, such as the acquisition of consumables or payment of personnel, not showing an expressive action in favor of the right in focus.