O impacto da pandemia nas internações hospitalares por doenças do aparelho respiratório no estado do Pará

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic represented a period of instability for the health sector, leading to the loss of records of various pathologies that affected patients, including airway infections, which led to underreporting of these cases. Objective: To analyze the impact of the pandemic on hospitalizations for diseases of the respiratory system in the state of Pará from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: ecological, exploratory, temporal study, using data extracted from DATASUS in the Epidemiology and Morbidity tab and from the Mortality information, analyzing the variables of sex, age, year of hospitalization and year of death, considered in the list of morbidity of diseases and causes of death classified with alphanumeric code J00 to J99 (causes of morbidity and mortality due to diseases of the respiratory system ) established in ICD-10. Results: there was a decrease in records of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases, mainly in the North Region, which showed a 10.5% reduction in records between the pandemic and pre-pandemic period, which may be related to the difficulty in the region in maintaining a good database of disease notifications in health information systems. There was also a decrease in records of acute diseases such as pharyngitis and acute tonsillitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis, mainly between 2019 and 2020. Pneumonia as the main cause of hospitalization for the population was a finding that was indifferent to sex and age. On the other hand, Influenza and asthma stood out due to the increase in records made between the pre- and post-pandemic periods, which may be related to the relaxation of health measures and social isolation, allowing greater interpersonal contact. In the analysis of data regarding sex and age, a close relationship can be observed between the increase in age and the recorded death rates, mainly among males, since this population is the most affected by comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus. and high blood pressure, factors that lead to a worse prognosis for diseases. Thus, it is notable that the pandemic had a direct impact on hospital admission records, with a direct correlation with the age and sex of patients when analyzing deaths from that same period.