Produção de vacinas de RNA mensageiro na pandemia de COVID-19: advento de novas aplicações em tratamentos de saúde

Abstract

Modern vaccines developed using messenger RNA (mRNA) technology are highly accurate formulations designed to stimulate the production of a variety of antigenic properties in the user in order to activate adaptive immunity. This enables the use of such technology in the research of vaccines against several infectious diseases, such as hepatitis C, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), malaria, tuberculosis, in addition to chronic diseases, such as some types of cancer. Such vaccines were an efficient alternative in the fight against COVID-19 and have remarkable characteristics, such as the versatility of their applications and the ability to encode and express virtually any type of protein. Like this, this work is justified by the need to know the potential applications of this technology in clinical practice and in the search for effective alternative solutions in the fight against infectious and chronic diseases. A systematic literature review was carried out, including texts in portuguese or english from 2019 to the present day and original texts published before 2019, searched in databases such as Science Direct, US National Library of Medicine, Scielo, Pubmed and National Institute of Industrial Property. At the end of the study, it was possible to understand the range of applications that mRNA technology can bring to medicine, as well as influence the prognosis of various diseases. While the data are promising, it is important to continue to carefully monitor and evaluate the long-term adverse effects of mRNA technology in large-scale studies, as safety and efficacy in humans are crucial issues that must be addressed prior to widespread clinical application of the mRNA technology.