Perfil epidemiológico das gestantes vivendo com HIV (GVHIV) no estado do Pará no período de 2010 a 2018

Abstract

HIV is currently a true epidemic, dramatically increasing the number of cases detected since the first ones that occurred in the 80s of the last century. In the beginning, its presence was more restricted to the so-called “risk groups”, such as men who have sex with other men, sex workers and injecting drug users, but it is already an indisputable fact that today there is no longer this delimitation, and the diagnosis it spread to all population groups, regardless of sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, social class, reaching heterosexual couples, elderly and pregnant women. In this last group, there is always a concern with the well-being of the mother-child binomial. Thus, the Ministry of Health has carried out several policies seeking to promote health care for pregnant women and their babies, and in order for them to be carried out, constant studies are needed in order to evaluate the epidemiological situation in this specific group. We searched out to verify the access of pregnant women to prenatal care and their adherence to ART, correlating these data with pregnant women who have a detectable viral load and the detection rate in children under 5 years of age, estimating in the latter case the vertical transmission. This is an ecological, theoretical, quantitative and descriptive study. Data were collected from the websites http//aids.gov.br, http//indicadoresgestantes.aids.gov.br and http//indicadores.aids.gov.br, and statistical analysis was performed, seeking to correlate the indicators of the three banks to the construction of the epidemiological profile. To assess the trend of the historical series over time, Pearson's Linear Correlation was applied. To indicate the cut-off point for rejecting the null hypothesis, an alpha error was previously set at 5% (significance level Alpha = 0.05). The data collection points to an epidemiological profile of pregnant women living with HIV in the state of Pará during the period from 2010 to 2018 with an increase in the number of pregnant women in relation to the general population, composed of young women, already experienced in relation to to the use of ART, with a non-significant increase in the tendency to have an undetectable viral load in early pregnancy, but with a significant increase in pregnant women with an undetectable viral load at delivery, with a retention of ART after 6 months of diagnosis in growth, but with a retention after 18 months with no real growth, as well as a non-significant tendency to follow the recommendations expressed during prenatal care. The study demonstrates the importance of the need to improve health policies aimed at this public, in order to resolve the weaknesses evidenced in this epidemiological scenario, seeking to combat the growth in the number of pregnant women living with HIV through the implementation of specific actions, with emphasis on the younger population, reinforcing the importance of starting and following up on ART, as well as following the other recommendations contained in high-risk prenatal care from the Ministry of Health, so that vertical transmission rates decrease each time more.