Avaliação da resposta ao tratamento de obesidade em pacientes atendidos no Centro de Especialidades Médicas do CESUPA

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is one of the major public health problems in the world, associated with reduced quality of life and life expectancy, as well as outcomes of other diseases. Pharmacological treatment of obesity is indicated when the patient has a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 or when the individual has diseases associated with overweight with BMI equal to or greater than 25 kg/m2 in situations that behavioral changes were unsuccessful. Thus, conduction after identification of risk or confirmed diagnosis is prevention/intervention, including a quali-quantitatively adequate diet, as well as the practice of physical activity, multiprofessional care and adequate introduction of medication. Objective: To evaluate the response of weight loss in patients seen at the Obesity Outpatient Clinic of the Center for Medical Specialties of the University Center of the State of Pará. Methodology: A cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study of exploratory documental analysis was carried out at the University Center of the State of Pará (CESUPA) from August 2016 to August 2020. Results: Seventyseven patients were evaluated, of which 94.8% (n=73) were female soldering with a mean age of 43 years. The mean abdominal circumference (WC) at the beginning of treatment was 108.9cm and 103.7cm at the end of 1 year. Of the 77 patients evaluated, 81% used sibutramine, 44% used Orlistate, 32% from Topiramate, 13% used Sertraline and 22% fluoxetine. Among the 62 patients who used sibutramine, 29% had weight loss in 1 year greater than 10%, mainly associated with side effects such as dry mouth (74.2%) followed by constipation (35.5%). The use of orlistat was performed by 34 patients, and of these, 50% lost less than 5% in 1 year, and 50%, between 5 and 10% in weight. Of these, 46.2% presented stathertomy, being the main adverse effect. Conclusion: Sibutramine and orlistat stand out among the drugs approved for the global treatment of obesity due to the large number of investigations performed and the results obtained that demonstrate safety and efficacy. Sibutramine is the most commonly used drug in the treatment of obesity, due to its important efficacy and also due to financial issues, being its cost more affordable when compared to orlistat. Despite the satisfactory results with these drugs, so far demonstrated, the use of pharmacotherapy alone will not be enough to stop the advances of the obesity epidemic, and one should take into account the lifestyle with behavioral changes that include a healthy diet allied to the practice of physical activity.