Análise epidemiológica dos pacientes vítimas dos acidentes ofídicos ocorridos no estado do Pará no período de 2011-2021

Abstract

In South America, Brazil is the country with the highest number of accidents, with about 20,000 cases per year. The North region has the highest proportion of snakebite cases in relation to the population itself (520 snakebites/million inhabitants). Venomous snakes found in the country are grouped into 9 genera: Crotalus; Bothrops, Bothropoides, Bothrocopias, Bothriopsis, Rhinocerophis; Lachesis; Micrurus and Leptomicrurus, which are responsible for the largest number of ophidic accidents and of greatest medical interest in the State of Pará. To analyze the epidemiological aspects of patients who were victims of snakebites that occurred in the state of Pará in the period 2011 - 2021. An ecological, quantitative and descriptive study was carried out, based on exploratory document analysis (secondary data) available to the public in general at the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), considering the cases notified via the International Disease Registry (ICD10) referring to ICD X20 and ICD W59 from January 2011 to December 2021. 86,355 cases were analyzed cases of ophidic accidents in the State of Pará, with males being the most prevalent with approximately 75.2% of cases, as well as the highest incidence between 20 and 39 years with 38% of cases and in patients of brown ethnicity with 78 %, with incomplete 1st to 4th grade education with 21% and located outside the metropolitan area with 88.78%. Most of the cases were caused by the Bothrops type, with 92% of the total, most of the patients, 65.7%, had 0 to 1 hour of time until help and regarding the severity of the symptoms, the majority were classified as light, with 59.71%. The present study showed that the epidemiology of patients who were victims of snakebites that occurred in the State of Pará between the years 2011 - 2021 showed a predominance of involvement of male adults, aged between 20 - 39 years, of brown ethnicity and schooling from 1st to 4th series incomplete, most cases occurred outside the metropolitan region of Belém, caused by the genus Bothrops, most victims received medical attention between 1 – 3 hours and progressed with the severity of symptoms classified as mild. A shortage of studies on snakebite accidents was observed, requiring further discussion and updating on this topic.