Considerações sobre a aplicação do hemograma como ferramenta balizadora do diagnóstico da síndrome febril de caráter infeccioso

Abstract

Introducton: the blood count doesn´t show specificity for the etiological diagnosis of the February syndrome, however the characteristic features are allowed for bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. Objective: To evaluate the use of complete blood count, associated with clinical and epidemiological findings, as a predictor of infectious fever syndrome. Method: This is a cross-sectional retrospective case series study, with the Unifield Medical Care Sector (SOAMU) as the guide for the entire development of the Project to be carried out jointly with the Technical- Scientific Sections, where the laboratories of the institution. Resultes: A total of 620 suspected cases of infectious disease were referred to Evandro Chagas Institute outpatient clinic for diagnostic evaluation between February and August 2018. Of this total, 383 (61%) came from the interior of the state and 237 (39%).were referred from the metropolitan region of Belém. The most common diseases were respectively chikungunia 97 (22%), mononucleosis 75 (17%), toxoplasmose 37 (9%), chagas disease 34 (8%), typhoid fever 30 (7%), malária 19 (4%), tuberculosis 10 (2%) analyzing the blood count behavior in diseases of bacterial, parasitic and viral causes, it was found that bacterial infections are the only ones that lead to neutrophil elevation (neutrophilia) that, as a result, also increase the total leukocytes leading to leuocytosis. The age groups of 21 to 40 years (51%) and female (54%) were the most prevalente. A particular situation recorded on this paper desserves attention because it is relevant for the diagnosis of infectious and parasitic diseases. It is a higi rate of thrombocytopenia seen in malária, a fator that should be rrrol related to the diagnosis of this disease.Conclusion: The presente study showed that in the case of fever accompanied by a blood count consisting of leukocytosis with neutrophilia, bacterial disease should be considered. Viral infections should be remembered in cases of short-term (self-limiting) fever accompanied by blood count with leukocytes close to the lower limit. In generial, in systemic parasitic diseases, the number of leukocytes is normal. And the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is decreased or even reverse dor the absolute lymphocyte number is increased.