Perfil epidemiológico de internações por Diabetes Mellitus no Brasil de 2015 a 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder, which causes a state of persistent hyperglycemia, and can be classified according to the etiology into type 1 (DM1), type 2 (DM2), gestational, among other specificities. Its main symptoms weight loss, polyuria, polyphagia and polydipsia, which can appear silently years before diagnosis. The increase in the prevalence of DM is associated with several factors, mainly the epidemiological transition, with the increase in life expectancy in Brazil and the consequent aging of the population. Objective: Analyze the profile of hospitalizations for Diabetes Mellitus in Brazil, in the period from 2015 to 2019. Methodology: Epidemiological, ecological, quantitative and descriptive study, based on secondary data related to hospital admissions for Diabetes Mellitus available at SIH / DATASUS. All hospitalization records that contained ICD E00 to E90 as the main diagnosis were included. The variables were grouped into the number of hospitalizations for DM in each Brazilian region; socio-demographic profile (age, sex, race / color); character of assistance; number of deaths; mortality rate; average value per hospitalization; hospitalization time. Results: In the period from 2015 to 2019, there were 58,005,782 hospitalizations, of which 1,230,786 were due to endocrine and metabolic diseases, which corresponds to 2.12% of the total hospitalizations. Out of the hospitalizations for endocrine and metabolic diseases, more than 50% are diagnosed with DM. The highest number of hospitalizations is in the Northeast (1.39%). The age group of 60 to 64 and 65 to 69 (both with 12.2% each), female (51.7%), race / brown color (36.7%) and emergency care (94.7% ) were more prevalent. A variation in the hospital mortality rate was analyzed in the different regions, with a greater increase in the North (0.54) and a greater decrease in the Northeast (0.69). There was an increase in the average values per hospitalization throughout Brazil, with a total expenditure of R $ 4,590.80 in 2019. As for the length of stay per hospitalization, there was a higher average in 2018 (8.1 days). Conclusion: The present study showed a decrease in the percentage of hospitalizations for diabetes mellitus in Brazil over the analyzed years, which reflects the effectiveness of public health policies implemented in relation to the prevention and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.