O uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterapia na atenção básica: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Phytotherapy is a treatment method that uses medicinal plants in its various ways of preparation, constituting an integrative and complementary therapy modality, and its use has been increasing in several countries. In Brazil there are national policies, created in 2006, that encourage the implementation of this therapy in Primary Health Care, such as the National Policy of Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapy (NPMPP) and the National Policy of Integrative and Complementary Practices (NPICP). In this context, the objective was to investigate through an integrative literature the knowledge and the use of the main medicinal and phytotherapeutic plants used in basic care in Brazil, in order to propose the application of a MINI COURSE to assist physicians, residents of Family Medicine and Community as well as the medical professors and other health professionals in order to enable them to correct guidance on this therapeutic option. Documents were searched in the Research Portal of the Virtual Health Library, in the following databases: Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, among other bases of this portal. The key words used were: medicinal plants, phytotherapy, primary health care, Unified Health System, professional qualification in Portuguese, Spanish and English language with available text published between January 2013 and November 2018. Based on the eligibility criteria, 7 articles were selected for the integrative review of this study based on the evidence criteria of the PRISMA consensus. The results indicated that in general there is a certain "sympathy" for phytotherapy in primary care, but on the other hand there is still very little knowledge and even some restrictions on its use by health professionals, and this is one of the difficulties encountered in practice in Primary Care. Facing to this scenario it is concluded that although the use of medicinal plants is frequent in the general population, the health professional, due to lack of information, does not use this resource in an adequate way, so that this reality is modified and the correct indication of this therapeutic practice occurs as well as the consolidation of this Integrative Therapy in the Primary Attention to Health, it is necessary to train the professionals, residents and academics of the health courses.