Análise do impacto de vacinação contra a meningite meningocócica “C” no munícipio de Belém-PA no período de 2014 a 2018

Abstract

Introduction: Meningitis is an infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges. It has several causal factors, whether infectious or not. Among the infectious causes, the main ones are of viral and bacterial etiology. Intracerebral cysts or tumors, medications, and inflammatory diseases may also trigger the inflammatory process. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the Meningococcal C Conjugated Vaccine (MenC) and the incidence of meningococcal disease in the city of Belém-PA and the number of hospitalizations for meningitis in children from 0 to 1 year old from 2014 to 2018. Methodology. This is a time series ecological study, which used records of hospitalizations for any cause and for a disease that is suspected of meningitis through data provided by the SUS Hospital Information System from 2014 to 2018. Result: In the study period (2014 to 2018), a total of 621,110 hospitalizations were registered in the municipality of Belém-PA, for general causes. Already due to infection meningococcal infections and viral meningitis were registered 242 hospitalizations from January 2014 to December 2018. In the age group from 0 to 1 year old, in the same period, were recorded 2323 hospitalizations. Regarding meningitis vaccination coverage, it was observed that the percentage of Conjugated Meningococcal - C vaccination coverage in the municipality of Belém remained with a slight variation in 2015, whereas in 2015 there were 216 new cases and a drop in 2017 and 2018. Discussion: Comparing the hospitalization rate in the post-vaccination periods, there was an increase of 13 more hospitalizations in 2018 for the 0 to 1 year age group. The results show an increase in the hospitalization rate due to meningococcal disease, even after the introduction of the meningococcal vaccine. Conclusion: the study identified a drop in vaccination coverage in the city of Belém do Pará, which is below the established target of 95.00% in the period studied meningococcal disease.