O impacto da cobertura vacinal na incidência de sarampo no estado do Pará no período de 2003 a 2019

Abstract

Measles is an acute infectious and contagious disease of viral etiology that can be prevented by vaccination. Despite the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO WHO) having granted the measles free country certificate to Brazil in 2016, this achievement was short lived, with new outbreaks occurring in 2018. Among the states that reported the most cases, there is Pará. Simultaneously, the territory of Pará has also registered low rate of vaccination, making it possible to correlate these data. Objective: R ecognize the socio demographic profile of reported and or confirmed measles cases and their possible relationship with the vaccination coverage rate (triple and tetra viral) in Pará. Method: The research is characterized as a descriptive, retrospective s tudy, with quantitative analysis secondary data, from January 2003 to December 2019, from the Epidemiological Surveillance of the State of Pará and TABNET DATASUS, referring to the totality of notified and confirmed cases, in addition to the registered vac cination rate. Results: The sample consisted of a 13 year time series, comprising the years 2007 to 2019 for suspected cases, 2018 and 2019 for confirmed cases, vaccine coverage of the Triple viral from 2003 to 2019 and Tetra Viral vaccination coverage of 2013 to 2019. In the sample period, there was a higher rate of confirmed cases in male individuals, aged 15 to 19 years old, mixed race, with incomplete elementary school and the laboratory criterion as the majority for confirming the disease. The reported cases follow a similar pattern, except for the age group criterion, where the largest portion was represented by children under 1 year. Regarding the vaccination coverage rate, the Triple Viral vaccine obtained good adherence on the part of the population with the state average exceeding 95% of the target population by the year 2014, presenting an agreement below the expected from 2015. The Tetra Viral vaccine, inserted in the vaccination calendar of the Ministry of Health in 2013, did not demonstrate sat isfactory adherence in any of the years studied. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that the epidemiological pattern of measles cases in Pará is similar to that presented in the national territory. In addition, it was inferred that adherence to the va ccination schedule, especially dose 1 against Measles (represented by the triple viral), may be related to the increase in the number of cases of the disease in the state, since the number of cases of the disease it grew again after the decrease in the vac cination rate.