Análise descritiva das internações e óbitos por diabetes mellitus nas macrorregiões brasileiras

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in glucose concentration in the bloodstream due to a deficiency in insulin secretion, action, or both. It is a disease associated with high rates of prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, especially in developing countries. In Brazil, more than 15.7 million adults live with the disease, which stands out due to the severity of its complications, and is therefore the sixth leading cause of death in the country. Objectives: to analyze the number of hospitalizations and deaths related to Diabetes Mellitus in Brazil over the last ten years, as well as their rates in each Brazilian region, aiming to understand the behavior of the disease during this period and identify possible associated determinants. Methodology: consists of an ecological study, of a retrospective and descriptive nature, with a quantitative approach. Secondary data on hospitalizations and deaths, obtained from the Hospital Information System - SIH (SIH/SUS) and related to DM (main diagnosis ICD-10 E10-E14), available at the SUS Information Technology Department (DATASUS), were analyzed. Results: A total of 1,477,043 hospitalizations for Diabetes Mellitus were recorded in the period, of which 65,353 resulted in death. Hospitalizations and deaths predominated in women aged 60 to 69 years treated in the southeast region. The average length of stay was 6.4 days and the total cost started at R$88,640,421.35 in 2013 and reached R$131,288,988.40 in 2023, with a total accumulated cost in the period of R$1,164,042,663.00. Conclusion: gender differences indicate a slight prevalence of hospitalizations and deaths due to diabetes in females. The following factors were found to be associated with a higher likelihood of hospitalization and death due to diabetes: advanced age, female gender, and living in the north, northeast, or southeast regions. Patients who fall into the extremes of age have longer hospital stays and higher mortality, indicating the need for specific approaches for these vulnerable populations and reinforcing the importance of targeted health policies, investments in diabetes prevention and management.