Exacerbações infecciosas em pacientes portadores de doenças pulmonares crônicas

Abstract

Chronic Lung diseases are illness that are present on the airways and affect all age groups. The chronic obstructive pulmonar disease is characterized by chronic obstruction of the lower airway, usually as a result of prolonged inhalation exposure to particulate matter or inhalant gases, smoking being the main cause. The bronchiectasis consists of permanente dilation of the airway, this condition is related to congenital and acquired causes. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common interstitial lung disease and is more common in adults, the elderly and patients with a previous history of smoking. These pathologies go along with some factors that can aggravate the condition, generating an exacerbation. Given the information found, it is necessary to understand the main causes of exacerbation and how the number of hospitalizations for chronic and obstructive pulmonary diseases can be reduced. Analyze statistically the main causes of exacerbation of chronic lung disease, from eletronic and printed data from the medical specialty center of CESUPA in the period until December 2020. Collection of information relevant to the objectives of this work.collected from the medical specialty center of CESUPA for the elaboration of a study with a cross-sectional desing of a descriptive and retrospective nature. After analyzing 600 medical records of patients treated at the pulmonology outpatient clinic of CEMEC, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used inclusion and exclusion criteria, so that the final sample refers to 84 patients. The data used for the production of this project have epidemiological importance, such as gender, age and smoking, the underlying diseases addressed in this work, such as COPD, bronchiectasis and IPF, in addition to relevant information for the analysis of exacerbations, such as the number of hospitalizations, antibiotics used and update the vaccination schedule of patients. The best and most effective way to prevent infectious exacerbations in patients with chronic lung diseases is through a multidisciplinary work focused on each patient, but always prioritizing control of the underlying disease and updating the vaccination schedule.