A precificação dos serviços ecossistêmicos e o pagamento por serviços ambientais

Abstract

This dissertation aims to study the pricing of ecosystem services as a means of enabling a system of payment for environmental services, considering the assumption that environmental services have quantifiable economic value. Public policies of command and control have not been able to solve the environmental problems alone satisfactorily, requiring a combination of other strategies such as the economic instrument payment for environmental services. Considering the peculiarities of Brazilian society it was realized that, despite the importance of imposition instruments in the environmental field, the ability to provide other means of which men can serve to pursue sustainable development is mandatory. Payment for environmental services – a market instrument - seeks to encourage those who maintain an environmental service. It has already been used in some countries that have adopted this economic instrument in order to improve, restore or preserve environmental services including Costa Rica, New York and Mexico, whose experience was analyzed in this study. It presents relevant definitions of environmental services and the main species of these services where most of the payments for environmental services are included. It also examines the central ideas of the principles that relate mostly to the payment for environmental services: the user-compensator principle, the polluter-compensator principle and protector-incentive guided principle. It was, similarly, discussed the Bi o. a its additions to establishing a National Environmental Services Policy.