Avaliação do grau de conhecimento dos acadêmicos de medicina a respeito das arboviroses

Abstract

Introduction: Arboviruses are viral diseases transmitted by vectors, with Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya as their main representatives. Its dissemination is facilitated by urbanization without proper planning, presenting a diversified clinical picture ranging from a febrile syndrome with rash to serious complications, such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome, hemorrhagic syndrome and vertical transmission culminating in microcephaly in the case of Zika virus infection. Therefore, the professional must know diagnostic methods, treatment options and the warning signs for progression to severe conditions. Objectives: To assess whether academics are able to conceptualize arboviruses, the main representatives, to differentiate the signs and symptoms of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya, to identify the warning and shock signs of Dengue, diagnostic method options, choice of drug treatment and not medication and point out the main source of information for the academic on the subject. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional observational study with medical students from the Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará in the 4th year of the course through a questionnaire with objective questions applied to all who attend practical activities in Community Health through the discipline Community Health Interaction Module. Results: 77.2% know how to conceptualize arboviruses; however 90.1% did not consider Mayaro Fever, Oropouche Fever and Yellow Fever arboviroses, 71.3% correctly identified the risk factors for worsening Dengue: 81.2% did not know the proportion of coverage of the sewage collection in Belém-PA, 55.4% were able to identify the signs and symptoms of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya, 12.9% and 17.8% demonstrated knowledge about the alarm and shock signs of Dengue, respectively. Less than 50% of respondents correctly correlated the clinical picture with the Dengue management group. The outpatient / internship was chosen as the main study source with 39.6%. Conclusion: the students showed difficulty with regard to the clinical picture and the proper management in addition to the recognition of the social reality in which they live; however, there was a good understanding of the concept, identification of risk factors and differentiation of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya.