Navegando por Assunto "Pobreza"

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A renda básica como política social universal e incondicional: um caminho para a erradicação básica da pobreza no Brasil em um cenário marcado pela racionalidade neoliberal
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2023) Aguilera, Raissa Maria Fernandez Nascimento; Koury, Suzy Elizabeth Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5382551862867769; Reymão, Ana Elizabeth Neirão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7523845838580356; Verbicaro, Loiane da Ponte Souza Prado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4100200759767576
This dissertation aims to contribute to the improvement of dialogue on basic income, notably regarding its role in the eradication of poverty. Its objective is to analyze how the implementation of universal and unconditional basic income can contribute to the eradication of poverty in Brazil, in a scenario marked by neoliberal rationality. To do so, it seeks to answer the following question: how can the implementation of basic income contribute to the eradication of poverty in Brazil, in a scenario marked by neoliberal rationality? The study starts from the hypothesis that, despite existing criticisms, the basic income policy is capable of contributing to the fight against poverty in Brazil, provided that it is applied in conjunction with other existing social policies. For this purpose, it resorted to the hypothetical-deductive method, which seeks the answer to the research problem from this hypothesis, adopting a qualitative approach, based on a bibliographical and documentary research, and having as main theoretical references Amartya Sen (2010) and Laval (2018) and Parijs and Vanderborght (2018). This research is divided into an introduction, four development sections and, finally, the final considerations. In the first section, it is demonstrated, from a historical and legal perspective, that Brazil is dominated by neoliberal rationality, which controls and dictates the economic, social, political and legal rules of the country. This research adopts Foucault's view of neoliberal rationality, understanding it as a governmental rationality that influences the decision-making of those who govern and those who are governed. In addition, a methodological analysis of the concept of poverty used is carried out, based on the concept of economist Amartya Sen (2010), according to which it is not only the income that determines who is poor, but also the inability of people to accomplish things they value due to social, political and economic restrictions. The second section presents a history of social policies within a capitalist economic context, especially income transfer already adopted in Brazil, in order to demonstrate that these policies are, as a rule, focused and precarious and use monetary criteria to define their target audience, causing the unfair exclusion of several citizens. The third section, in turn, presents the concept of basic income and the state of the art of matter. The concept used, predominantly, is the development by Parijs and Vanderborght (2018), in which the basic income is characterized by the absence of obligations, regardless of the domestic and professional situation of those assisted, and is, therefore, an individual right, without obligation and universal; in this context, payment must be made, preferably, in kind to the beneficiaries. Finally, the fourth section of development analyzes whether universal and unconditional basic income is a viable instrument, together with other social policies, to combat poverty. It is concluded that, within a scenario marked by neoliberal rationality, basic income is an escape route from poverty, capable of guaranteeing protection for the subjectivity of its beneficiaries and ensuring a way out of food insecurity and pauperization without stigma, if applied in conjunction with other existing social policies.
Microcrédito e combate à pobreza: uma análise da experiência do Programa Amazônia Florescer
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2017-09-13) Lameira, Whalasy da Silva; Reymão, Ana Elizabeth Neirão; Leal, Ana Christina Darwich Borges; Santos, José Nazareno Araújo dos
The objective of this dissertation is to understand the possibilities and limits of productive microcredit oriented as an instrument to improve the conditions of access to credit for popular entrepreneurs and help to overcome poverty, given the relationship between credit and the right to development. The analysis are based on Amartya Sen’s theory, for whom development requires remove the sources of deprivation of liberty, poverty and the lack of economic opportunities and systematic social destitution. In this sense, it is argued that credit is not only important for entrepreneurs, but also for the achievement of their borrowers as subjects and, therefore, for the social and productive inclusion of the popular entrepreneurs, the target audience of the microcredit policy. A case study on the Amazônia Florescer Urbano (AFU) Program of the Banco da Amazônia was carried out, and beneficiaries of the Castanhal (PA) unit were interviewed. The results show that the program has been an important access to credit for many popular entrepreneurs who had never experienced the use of services and products offered by traditional financial institutions in the country. There have also been a number of important positive changes following this financing, both for business and for the living conditions of its beneficiaries, despite some limits for the activity to work to overcome poverty.