Navegando por Assunto "HIV"

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Perfil clínico-epidemiológico da coinfecção HIV/tuberculose em um serviço de assistência especializado em Belém/PA no período de 2011 a 2018
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2022-11-10) Silva, Lucas Solano Araújo da; Ribeiro, Samuel Soares; Santos, Eliane Regine Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3837797857505891; Albuquerque, Mário Roberto Tavares Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3233617656287982; Santos, Bruno Souza dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6779627806652537
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus whose pathogenesis consists of an asymptomatic or symptomatic acute phase. If the patient is not treated, the disease may progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), considered a chronic and lethal infectious disease, and consequently the individual be susceptible to opportunistic infections. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). In Brazil, a prevalence of 8.1% of HIV/TB coinfection was reported in 2019, an average similar to that found in the state of Pará, with 9.1 % PLHA had co-infection with TB. The present study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of PLWHA with Tuberculosis (TB) in a Health Care Center for Acquired Infectious Diseases (CASA DIA) in the municipality of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. This is an observational cross-sectional study based on the epidemiological method, carried out after the appraisal and release of opinion, which consisted of a collection of data from medical records and the Tuberculosis Program Book of PLHA coinfected with TB, aged over 18 years, who were monitored at CASA DIA in the municipality of Belém-PA from 2011 to 2018. Around of 598 medical records were analyzed, but only 366 were selected to compose the study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the 366 medical records, the mean age was 35.3 years, with a prevalence of 68.9% male and 80.6% of schooling corresponding to incomplete elementary school. The main behavioural risk factors for HIV infection that obtained prevalence were sexual orientation - heterosexual, with 48.6%, followed by 34.4% and 42.6% who reported having more than 3 sexual partners and who reported not using condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed that 55.5% of patients had a detectable viral load and 49.2% had CD4+ lymphocytes <350 cells/mm3. In the clinical profile of tuberculosis, a prevalence of 64.5% was recorded for new cases, 35.8% for non-reactive (NR - <5mm) in the tuberculin skin test, 38.5% for a diagnosis suggestive of TB by chest X-ray, and 57.4% of the patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Noting that about 37.2% completed the treatment, but 24.3% abandoned it. The correlation between the immunovirological profile and the clinical profile of TB did not present a statistically significant difference, but it was possible to observe that the detectable viral load had a higher incidence in both the pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical forms, with 84% and 82%, respectively. It was also found that CD4+ values <350 cells/mm3 were higher in the clinical forms of TB, with 75% (104/139) for the pulmonary form and 74% for the extrapulmonary form. Thus, it is necessary to intensify educational, preventive and infection control measures. The study warns about the importance of filling out the medical records properly, to correct this filling failure, it is essential to train health professionals until they are able to complete the medical records.
Perfil epidemiológico das gestantes vivendo com HIV (GVHIV) no estado do Pará no período de 2010 a 2018
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2022-11-07) Cavalcante, Stephanie Modesto Pinheiro; Matos, Haroldo José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9830983900880582; Chaves, Tânia do Socorro Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7522362407466480; Lima, Jackson Cordeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5898669844844564
HIV is currently a true epidemic, dramatically increasing the number of cases detected since the first ones that occurred in the 80s of the last century. In the beginning, its presence was more restricted to the so-called “risk groups”, such as men who have sex with other men, sex workers and injecting drug users, but it is already an indisputable fact that today there is no longer this delimitation, and the diagnosis it spread to all population groups, regardless of sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, social class, reaching heterosexual couples, elderly and pregnant women. In this last group, there is always a concern with the well-being of the mother-child binomial. Thus, the Ministry of Health has carried out several policies seeking to promote health care for pregnant women and their babies, and in order for them to be carried out, constant studies are needed in order to evaluate the epidemiological situation in this specific group. We searched out to verify the access of pregnant women to prenatal care and their adherence to ART, correlating these data with pregnant women who have a detectable viral load and the detection rate in children under 5 years of age, estimating in the latter case the vertical transmission. This is an ecological, theoretical, quantitative and descriptive study. Data were collected from the websites http//aids.gov.br, http//indicadoresgestantes.aids.gov.br and http//indicadores.aids.gov.br, and statistical analysis was performed, seeking to correlate the indicators of the three banks to the construction of the epidemiological profile. To assess the trend of the historical series over time, Pearson's Linear Correlation was applied. To indicate the cut-off point for rejecting the null hypothesis, an alpha error was previously set at 5% (significance level Alpha = 0.05). The data collection points to an epidemiological profile of pregnant women living with HIV in the state of Pará during the period from 2010 to 2018 with an increase in the number of pregnant women in relation to the general population, composed of young women, already experienced in relation to to the use of ART, with a non-significant increase in the tendency to have an undetectable viral load in early pregnancy, but with a significant increase in pregnant women with an undetectable viral load at delivery, with a retention of ART after 6 months of diagnosis in growth, but with a retention after 18 months with no real growth, as well as a non-significant tendency to follow the recommendations expressed during prenatal care. The study demonstrates the importance of the need to improve health policies aimed at this public, in order to resolve the weaknesses evidenced in this epidemiological scenario, seeking to combat the growth in the number of pregnant women living with HIV through the implementation of specific actions, with emphasis on the younger population, reinforcing the importance of starting and following up on ART, as well as following the other recommendations contained in high-risk prenatal care from the Ministry of Health, so that vertical transmission rates decrease each time more.
Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes HIV positivos atendidos no ambulatório de infectologia de um Centro de Especialidades Médicas em Belém, Pará
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2021) Castro, Charles Fabrício Ferreira; Lima, Michel Martins Braga; Gomes, Patrick Abdala Fonseca; Neves, José Joaquim de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9075377277147026; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6060836341247026
Introduction: The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is a set of signs and symptoms related to the infection of the human organism by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), historically associated with groups such as homosexual men, hemophiliacs and users of injectable drugs, undergoes an important process of epidemiological transition, progressively increasing its incidence in heterosexuals, women and low-income people. In addition, the North region, especially the state of Pará, presents an important increase in the number of HIV / aids cases. over the past 10 years. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with HIV / aids treated at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the Cesupa Medical Specialties Center (CEMEC) in Belém, Pará, from 2012 to 2020. Materials and methods: This is an epidemiological study , descriptive and cross-sectional, in which data from medical records of people living with HIV and aids treated at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the Center for Medical Specialties of Cesupa, in Belém, were analyzed. Results: 91 medical records were analyzed. Of these, 57 patients were men (62.6%) and 34 were women (37.4%). The average age was 41.8 ± 12.6 years, with a predominance (80.2%) of mixed race. The majority of female infected were heterosexual (96.7%), while the majority of male infected were homo or bisexual (60.8%). Also, most of the infected female sex lived in a stable relationship (57.6%, married or in a stable relationship), while the majority (75%) of the infected male sex lived alone (single, divorced or widowed). The main route of infection was sexual (97.1%), 70.6% were still being treated at the center studied and the majority (72%) had an undetectable viral load and CD4 +> 350 (72.2%). 41.8% did not have co-infections and 54.9% did not have comorbidities. Conclusion: It appears that the profile of the sample studied was composed mainly of young adults, without a steady partner, browns, with a predominance of men, of heterosexual orientation, where the sexual route was the most frequent source of infection. Of the total, the majority had an undetectable viral load, CD4 + count> 350, using Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and with the majority not reporting co-infections or associated comorbidities.
Sexualidade em idosos: características da abordagem por profissionais de saúde em serviço de referência em Belém/PA
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2023-06-30) Chaves, Lígia Beatriz Pinho; Gomes, Sâmilly Campos; Albuquerque, Mário Roberto Tavares Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3233617656287982; Costa, Tanise Nazaré Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4471975369870057; Maués, Cristiane Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0584956998438639
One of the keys to human behavior and personality is sexuality, considered to be one of the basic human needs. In this context, it is necessary to discuss the differences defined by the progress of age associated with sociocultural taboos and their relationship with the quality of medical care provided under this theme, since the idea of sexuality in older adults has been neglected and the possibility of an elderly person being infected with HIV, until recently, for example, was considered remote. However, national data indicate that the HIV rate in the elderly already exceeds that of adolescents and among the trends for these high rates is the increase in sexual practices in old age, which lack guidelines followed. To determine the frequency, scope and standard of addressing the sexuality of the elderly within the geriatrics service in the metropolitan region of Belém-Pará. Epidemiological and cross-sectional, descriptive, population-based study, in which data were collected from a clinical interview, using a model form with questions prepared by the investigator, in patients treated at health clinics of the Elderly, from the Medical Specialties Center of Cesupa (CEMEC), from November 2022 to February 2023. 101 patients participated in this study. Of these, the majority were women, over 75 years old, married, Catholic and heterosexual. About of 84% of patients did not have their sexuality addressed in a consultation, even though they felt comfortable talking about the topic. The justification for this suggests that they would feel more comfortable talking about the subject if the doctor addressed it and they were indifferent as to the gender of the doctor who could address the subject. This constitutes an obstacle in the face of resolving personalized dysfunctions, since 38% of those treated had some sexual complaint, while 39% of them have not yet informed a doctor, with the main justification being that in 63% of cases the doctor did not speak about the subject. In view of that, it is necessary to make the routine of questioning the sexual health of patients, providing safety for the practice and greater comfort, allowing for greater diagnoses and greater resolution of satisfied complaints, providing the well-being of the elderly assisted.
Situação epidemiológica do HIV/AIDS no estado do Pará no período de 2010-2019
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2021) Marques, Konnery Kazelly Marinho; Angnes, Paulo Vitor Cavalcante; Teixeira, Cláudio Eduardo Corrêa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7448998858430931
Introduction: The HIV infection courses with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations from its acute to the chronic phase, being considered a global public health problem with a burden of more than 33 million deaths, considering its relevance at a global level, the implications brought due to HIV infection and aids and the factors that favor its recurrence, it is important to investigate the epidemiology of HIV/aids and the factors that influence it, evaluating the epidemiological indicators in the state of Para from January 2010 to December 2019, in order to provide pertinent information for the application of better public policies to the population studied. Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological situation of patients with HIV/aids through epidemiological indicators in the state of Para from January 2010 to December 2019. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive and quantitative study, based on an exploratory document analysis (secondary data) using the HIV/aids epidemiological bulletin (2020) as the main source. The sample consisted of patients diagnosed with HIV/aids in the state of Para, its capital Belem, the North region and in the national sphere, analyzing the detection rate and the mortality coefficient from January 2010 to December 2019, using as analysis variables sex, ethnicity/race/color, education and exposure category. Results: The aids detection rate in Brazil, in the period between 2010 and 2019, decreased by 20%, however the North region, the state of Para and the city of Belem showed growth in their rates of respectively 20%, 37% and 43 %. The crude aids mortality coefficient shows that in the period from 2010 to 2019 there was a decrease of 21.87% in cases of death in Brazil, while there is an increase in the North, Para and Belem, respectively, of 8.47%, 26.15% and 20.43%. Conclusion: The present study evidenced a growing trend in the detection rate in the North region, mainly due to the numbers in the state of Para and its capital Belem, contrary to the trend observed in Brazil. One of the factors involved may be related to problems in data transfer between the municipal, state and national spheres.
Tratamento da Hepatite C com os antivirais de ação direta: análise dos fatores interferentes na adesão ao tratamento e na resposta virológica sustentada em pacientes atendidos em um Centro de Especialidades Médicas em Belém-PA
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2022-11-10) Bico, Aimee Wagner; Aood, Raiza Pontes; Santos, Eliane Regine Fonseca; Souza, Rhomero Salvyo Assef; Ribeiro, Helem Ferreira
Viral hepatitis are public health problems in Brazil. They present modes of transmission that vary from fecal-oral, sexual, parenteral and vertical transmission. Hepatitis C is caused by the Hepacivirus of the Flaviviridae family, the subclinical development with unspecific symptoms contributes to the chronicity of inflammation, cirrhosis and untreated hepatocellular cancer, which are performed through Direct Action Antiviral Drugs that aim at Sustained Virological Response with an elimination plan of the disease. Evaluate the adhesion to treatment and its interfering factors in addition to the prevalence of co-infections and the therapeutic response of these patients to the use of Direct-Action Antiviral Drugs (DAA). The present undergraduate thesis analyzed patients with Hepatitis C treated in the city of Belém-PA in a Center of Medical Specialties. The descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study developed used the Pearson’s Chi-Square and the Fisher's Exact Test for statistical analysis of data collected from medical records. It was noted at the end of the data analysis of 167 patients that the highest prevalence of notifications was in the metropolitan region (91%) with a greater number of cases among females (53,3%), but with a higher prevalence of coinfections among men (64,3%), especially in the younger age group (21,4%) aged 22 to 39 years. It was identified that 48.5% of the patients being followed up were older than 60 years and in most cases had less than 2 years of the period between diagnosis and the beginning of treatment, a factor that did not influence the therapeutic response, which was promising in more than 80% of the medical records analyzed. It is important to emphasize that, based on the better governmental structuring of the testing models and with the simplification of the diagnosis of Hepatitis C over the years, it was possible to analyze patients who, by adhering to treatments with DAAs, managed to obtain a cure for Hepatitis C without major side effects and with higher quality of life.