Navegando por Assunto "Epidemiologia clínica"

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Perfil clínico-epidemiológico da coinfecção HIV/tuberculose em um serviço de assistência especializado em Belém/PA no período de 2011 a 2018
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2022-11-10) Silva, Lucas Solano Araújo da; Ribeiro, Samuel Soares; Santos, Eliane Regine Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3837797857505891; Albuquerque, Mário Roberto Tavares Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3233617656287982; Santos, Bruno Souza dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6779627806652537
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus whose pathogenesis consists of an asymptomatic or symptomatic acute phase. If the patient is not treated, the disease may progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), considered a chronic and lethal infectious disease, and consequently the individual be susceptible to opportunistic infections. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). In Brazil, a prevalence of 8.1% of HIV/TB coinfection was reported in 2019, an average similar to that found in the state of Pará, with 9.1 % PLHA had co-infection with TB. The present study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of PLWHA with Tuberculosis (TB) in a Health Care Center for Acquired Infectious Diseases (CASA DIA) in the municipality of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. This is an observational cross-sectional study based on the epidemiological method, carried out after the appraisal and release of opinion, which consisted of a collection of data from medical records and the Tuberculosis Program Book of PLHA coinfected with TB, aged over 18 years, who were monitored at CASA DIA in the municipality of Belém-PA from 2011 to 2018. Around of 598 medical records were analyzed, but only 366 were selected to compose the study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the 366 medical records, the mean age was 35.3 years, with a prevalence of 68.9% male and 80.6% of schooling corresponding to incomplete elementary school. The main behavioural risk factors for HIV infection that obtained prevalence were sexual orientation - heterosexual, with 48.6%, followed by 34.4% and 42.6% who reported having more than 3 sexual partners and who reported not using condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed that 55.5% of patients had a detectable viral load and 49.2% had CD4+ lymphocytes <350 cells/mm3. In the clinical profile of tuberculosis, a prevalence of 64.5% was recorded for new cases, 35.8% for non-reactive (NR - <5mm) in the tuberculin skin test, 38.5% for a diagnosis suggestive of TB by chest X-ray, and 57.4% of the patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Noting that about 37.2% completed the treatment, but 24.3% abandoned it. The correlation between the immunovirological profile and the clinical profile of TB did not present a statistically significant difference, but it was possible to observe that the detectable viral load had a higher incidence in both the pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical forms, with 84% and 82%, respectively. It was also found that CD4+ values <350 cells/mm3 were higher in the clinical forms of TB, with 75% (104/139) for the pulmonary form and 74% for the extrapulmonary form. Thus, it is necessary to intensify educational, preventive and infection control measures. The study warns about the importance of filling out the medical records properly, to correct this filling failure, it is essential to train health professionals until they are able to complete the medical records.
Prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica entre os docentes do curso de medicina do Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará
(Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, 2019) Reis, Ana Catarina de Souza Carvalho; Azevedo, Silvia Karinny Brito Calandrini de; Rocha, Vanessa Campos Couto da; Mota, Diandro Marinho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979118007430529; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1897095774561517
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a multifactorial disease, in which the individual presents progressive and continuously elevated blood pressure values in relation to the criteria established by VII Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensão Arterial from Brazilian Society of Cardiology (PA  140/90). Such syndrome is associated to innumerable modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. This clinical condition, in turn, is an important risk factor for cardiac and cerebral complications. Objective: to identify the prevalence of arterial hypertension among professors of the school of medicine at Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará; during the year of 2018. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study based on data collected obtained by questionnaires, pressure and anthropometric values measurements taken from School Medical professors from June to September (third term of 2018). The populational sample encompasses 77 professors. A percentage of (45; 54.45%) out of a total of 77 was found to be women. Results: Data analysis revealed a hypertension prevalence of 29.9% over populational sample. The same prevalence hits 37.5 % among men and 24, 44% among women. As for hypertensive individuals, the average age of arterial hypertension is a range from 39 to 48. A percentage of 52.18 out of a total of 23 hypertensive individuals was found to be unaware of hypertension condition. Among the individuals who already knew to be hypertensive, 45.45% had controlled blood pressure values. Conclusion: The prevalence of SAH was 29.9%. From hypertensive patients, 52.2% were male. Among the hypertensive professors, 52. 18% of the condition had no previous knowledge of the disease. Regarding those who knew to be hypertensive, only 45.45% used antihypertensive medication regularly and 54. 55% did not present controlled blood pressure values. As for the analyzed risk factors among those 77 professors, the highest prevalence group associated to overweight hits (46.7%). Central obesity hits (50.6%). Alcoholic drink intake reached (61%).Stressed group hits (54.5%). Low physical activity levels or sedentary lifestyle hits (49.3%). And those with SAH (77.9%) and AIM (46.7%) familiar history.