Alterações nutricionais em pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados: um estudo de revisão

Abstract

This study consists of a review of nutritional risk indicators in hospitalized cancer patients. It aims to analyze the indicators of nutritional risk in hospitalized cancer patients as well as to identify the prevalence of nutritional risk among cancer patients and investigate the factors that may be related to the nutritional risk of these patients. The methodology was carried out through a descriptive study, literature review in Portuguese and English. The search was carried out from March to May 2021, for articles published from 2011 to 2021. As a result, it was found that most studies indicated more than 40% of nutritional risk, this is because patients do notfeed enough to meet their energy needs, which can be due to a series of factors, such as the underlying disease, pain, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, inappetence, dysphagia, depression, functional incapacity, aggressive treatments and even the hospital environment. Furthermore, when they affect the digestive tract, they increase the risk of malnutrition, mainly due to the low food intake resulting from symptoms and the presence of cancer, often of an obstructive nature. Therefore, through the results of several studies analyzed, it was concluded that nutritional risk and malnutrition are prevalent conditions in hospitalized cancer patients, thus observing a high percentage, due to several factors found.